TEST LOAD AND APPLIED FORCES
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TEST PROCEDURES
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1. LIFTING
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The container, having the prescribed internal loading, shall be lifted in such a way
that no significant acceleration forces are applied. After lifting, the container
shall be suspended or supported for five minutes and then lowered to the ground.
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(A) LIFTING FROM CORNER FITTINGS
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Internal load:
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(i) Lifting from top corner fittings:
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A uniformly distributed load such that the sum of the mass of container and test load
is equal to 2R. In the case of a tank container, when the test load of the internal
load plus the tare is less than 2R, a supplementary load, distributed over the length
of the tank, is to be added to the container.
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Containers greater than 3,000 mm (10 ft.) (nominal) in length shall have lifting forces
applied vertically at all four top corner fittings.
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Containers of 3,000 mm (10 ft.) (nominal) in length nor less shall have lifting forces
applied at all four top corner fittings, in such a way that the angle between each
lifting device and the vertical shall be 30°.
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Externally applied forces:
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(ii) Lifting from bottom corner fittings:
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Such as to lift the sum of a mass of 2R in the manner prescribed (under the heading
TEST PROCEDURES).
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Containers shall have lifting forces applied in such a manner that the lifting devices
bear on the bottom corner fittings only. The lifting forces shall be applied at angles
to the horizontal of:
30° for containers of length 12,000 mm (40 ft.) (nominal) or greater;
37° for containers of length 9,000 mm (30 ft.) (nominal) and up to but not including
12,000 mm (40 ft.) (nominal);
45° for containers of length 6,000 mm (20 ft.) (nominal) and up to but not including
9,000 mm (30 ft.) (nominal);
60° for containers of less than 6,000 mm (20 ft.) (nominal).
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(B) LIFTING BY ANY OTHER ADDITIONAL METHODS
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Internal load:
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(i) Lifting from fork-lift pockets:
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A uniformly distributed load such that the sum of the mass of container and test load
is equal to 1.25R.
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The container shall be placed on bars which are in the same horizontal plane, one
bar being centred within each fork-lift pocket which is used for lifting the loaded
container. The bars shall be of the same width as the forks intended to be used in
the handling, and shall project into the fork pocket 75% of the length of the fork
pocket.
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Externally applied forces:
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Such as to lift the sum of a mass of 1.25R in the manner prescribed (under the heading
TEST PROCEDURES).
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Internal load:
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(ii) Lifting from grappler-arm positions:
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A uniformly distributed load such that the sum of the mass of container and test load
is equal to 1.25R. In the case of a tank container, when the test load of the internal
load plus the tare is less than 1.25R, a supplementary load, distributed over the
length of the tank, is to be added to the container.
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The container shall be placed on pads in the same horizontal plane, one under each
grappler-arm position. These pads shall be of the same sizes as the lifting area of
the grappler arms intended to be used.
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Externally applied forces:
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Such as to lift the sum of a mass of 1.25R in the manner prescribed (under the heading
TEST PROCEDURES).
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iii) Other methods:
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Where containers are designed to be lifted in the loaded condition by any method not
mentioned in (A) or (B)(i) and (ii) they shall also be tested with the internal load
and externally applied forces representative of the acceleration conditions appropriate
to that method.
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2. STACKING
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1. For conditions of international transport where the maximum vertical acceleration
varies significantly from 1.8 g and when the container is reliably and effectively
limited to such conditions of transport, the stacking load may be varied by the appropriate
ratio of acceleration.
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2. On successful completion of this test, the container may be rated for the allowable
superimposed static stacking load, which should be indicated on the Safety Approval
Plate against the heading ALLOWABLE STACKING LOAD FOR 1.8 g (kg and lbs).
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Internal load:
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A uniformly distributed load such that the sum of the mass of container and test load
is equal to 1.8R. Tank containers may be tested in the tare condition.
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The container, having the prescribed INTERNAL LOADING, shall be placed on four level
pads which are in turn supported on a rigid horizontal surface, one under each bottom
corner fitting or equivalent corner structure. The pads shall be centralized under
the fittings and shall be of approximately the same plan dimensions as the fittings.
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Externally applied forces:
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Such as to subject each of the four top corner fittings to a vertical downward force
equal to 0.25 x 1.8 x the gravitational force of the allowable superimposed static
stacking load.
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Each EXTERNALLY APPLIED FORCE shall be applied to each of the corner fittings through
a corresponding test corner fitting or through a pad of the same plan dimensions.
The test corner fitting or pad shall be offset with respect to the top corner fitting
of the container by 25 mm (1 in.) laterally and 38 mm (1½ in.) longitudinally.
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3. CONCENTRATED LOADS
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(a) On roof
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Internal load:
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None.
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Externally applied forces:
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A concentrated gravitational force of 300 kg (660 lbs) uniformly distributed over
an area of 600 mm x 300 mm (24 in x 12 in).
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The externally applied forces shall be applied vertically downwards to the outer surface
of the weakest area of the roof of the container.
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3. CONCENTRATED LOADS
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(b) On floor
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Internal load:
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The test should be made with the container resting on four level supports under its
four bottom corners in such a manner that the base structure of the container is free
to deflect.
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Two concentrated loads each of 2,730 kg (6,000 lbs) and each added to the container
floor within a contact area of 142 cm2 (22 sq in).
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Externally applied forces:
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A testing device loaded to a mass of 5,460 kg (12,000 lbs), that is, 2,730 kg (6,000
lbs) on each of two surfaces, having, when loaded, a total contact area of 284 cm2 (44 sq in), that is, 142 cm2 (22 sq in) on each surface, the surface width being 180 mm (7 in) spaced 760 mm (30
in) apart, centre to centre, should be manoeuvred over the entire floor area of the
container.
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None.
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4. TRANSVERSE RACKING
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Internal load:
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None.
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The container in tare condition shall be placed on four level supports one under each
bottom corner and shall be restrained against lateral and vertical movement by means
of anchor devices so arranged that the lateral restraint is provided only at the bottom
corners diagonally opposite to those at which the forces are applied.
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Externally applied forces:
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Such as to rack the end structures of the container sideways. The forces shall be
equal to those for which the container was designed.
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The EXTERNALLY APPLIED FORCES shall be applied either separately or simultaneously
to each of the top corner fittings on one side of the container in lines parallel
both to the base and to the planes of the ends of the container. The forces shall
be applied first towards and then away from the top corner fittings. In the case of
containers in which each end is symmetrical about its own vertical centreline, one
side only need be tested, but both sides of containers with asymmetric ends shall
be tested.
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5. LONGITUDINAL RESTRAINT (STATIC TEST)
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When designing and constructing containers, it must be borne in mind that containers,
when carried by inland modes of transport may sustain accelerations of 2 g applied
horizontally in a longitudinal direction.
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Internal load:
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A uniformly distributed load, such that the sum of the mass of a container and test
load is equal to the maximum operating gross mass or rating R. In the case of a tank
container, when the mass of the internal load plus the tare is less than the maximum
gross mass or rating, R, a supplementary load is to be added to the container.
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The container having the prescribed INTERNAL LOADING shall be restrained longitudinally
by securing the two bottom corner fittings or equivalent corner structures at one
end to suitable anchor points.
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Externally applied forces:
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Such as to subject each side of the container to longitudinal compressive and tensile
forces of magnitude Rg, that is, a combined force of 2Rg on the base of the container
as a whole.
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The EXTERNALLY APPLIED FORCES shall be applied first towards and then away from the
anchor points. Each side of the container shall be tested.
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6. END-WALLS
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The end-walls should be capable of withstanding a force of not less than 0.4 times
the force equal to gravitational force by maximum permissible payload. If, however,
the end-walls are designed to withstand a force of less or greater than 0.4 times
the gravitational force by maximum permissible payload, such a strength factor shall
be indicated on the Safety Approval Plate in accordance with annex I, regulation 1.
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Internal load:
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Such as to subject the inside of an end-wall to a uniformly distributed force of 0.4Pg
or such other force for which the container may be designed.
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The prescribed INTERNAL LOADING shall be applied as follows: Both ends of a container
shall be tested except where the ends are identical only one end need be tested. The
end-walls of containers which do not have open sides or side doors may be tested separately
or simultaneously.
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The end-walls of containers which do have open sides or side doors should be tested
separately. When the ends are tested separately the reactions to the forces applied
to the end-wall shall be confined to the base structure of the container.
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Externally applied forces:
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None.
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7. SIDE-WALLS
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The side-walls should be capable of withstanding a force of not less than 0.6 times
the force equal to the gravitational force by maximum permissible payload. If, however,
the side-walls are designed to withstand a force of less or greater than 0.6 times
the gravitational force by maximum permissible payload, such a strength factor shall
be indicated on the Safety Approval Plate in accordance with annex I, regulation 1.
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Internal load:
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Such as to subject the inside of a side-wall to a uniformly distributed force of 0.6Pg
or such other force for which the container may be designed.
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The prescribed INTERNAL LOADING shall be applied as follows: Both sides of a container
shall be tested except where the sides are identical only one side need be tested.
Side-walls shall be tested separately and the reactions to the internal loading shall
be confined to the corner fittings or equivalent corner structures. Open topped containers
shall be tested in the condition in which they are designed to be operated, for example,
with removable top members in position.
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Externally applied forces:
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None.
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8. ONE DOOR OFF OPERATION
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8.1. Containers with one door removed have a significant reduction in their ability to
withstand racking forces and, potentially, a reduction in stacking strength. The removal
of a door on a container in operation is considered a modification of the container.
Containers must be approved for one door off operation. Such approval shall be based
on test results as set forth below.
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8.2. On successful completion of the stacking test the container may be rated for the allowable
superimposed stacking load, which shall be indicated on the Safety Approval Plate
immediately below line 5: ALLOWABLE STACKING LOAD FOR 1.8 g (kg and lbs) ONE DOOR
OFF.
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8.3. On successful completion of the racking test the transverse racking test force shall
be indicated on the Safety Approval Plate immediately below line 6: TRANSVERSE RACKING
TEST FORCE ONE DOOR OFF (newtons).
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Stacking
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Internal load:
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A uniformly distributed load such that the sum of the mass of container and test load
is equal to 1.8R.
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The test procedures shall be as set forth under 2 STACKING
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Externally applied forces:
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Such as to subject each of the four top corner fittings to a vertical downward force
equal to 0.25 x 1.8 x the gravitational force of the allowable superimposed static
stacking load.
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Transverse racking
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Internal load:
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None.
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The test procedures shall be as set forth under 4 TRANSVERSE RACKING
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Externally applied forces:
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Such as to rack the end structures of the container sideways. The forces shall be
equal to those for which the container was designed.
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