Verdrag inzake het behoud van wilde dieren en planten en hun natuurlijk leefmilieu in Europa, Bern, 19-09-1979

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Verdrag inzake het behoud van wilde dieren en planten en hun natuurlijk leefmilieu in Europa

Authentiek : EN

Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats

Preamble

The member States of the Council of Europe and the other signatories hereto,

Considering that the aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve a greater unity between its members;

Considering the wish of the Council of Europe to co-operate with other States in the field of nature conservation;

Recognising that wild flora and fauna constitute a natural heritage of aesthetic, scientific, cultural, recreational, economic and intrinsic value that needs to be preserved and handed on to future generations;

Recognising the essential role played by wild flora and fauna in maintaining biological balances;

Noting that numerous species of wild flora and fauna are being seriously depleted and that some of them are threatened with extinction;

Aware that the conservation of natural habitats is a vital component of the protection and conservation of wild flora and fauna;

Recognising that the conservation of wild flora and fauna should be taken into consideration by the governments in their national goals and programmes, and that international co-operation should be established to protect migratory species in particular;

Bearing in mind the widespread requests for common action made by governments or by international bodies, in particular the requests expressed by the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment 1972 and the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe;

Desiring particularly to follow, in the field of wildlife conservation, the recommendations of Resolution No. 2 of the Second European Ministerial Conference on the Environment,

Have agreed as follows:

CHAPTER I. General Provisions

Article 1

• 1 The aims of this Convention are to conserve wild flora and fauna and their natural habitats, especially those species and habitats whose conservation requires the co-operation of several States, and to promote such co-operation.

• 2 Particular emphasis is given to endangered and vulnerable species, including endangered and vulnerable migratory species.

Article 2

The Contracting Parties shall take requisite measures to maintain the population of wild flora and fauna at, or adapt it to, a level which corresponds in particular to ecological, scientific and cultural requirements, while taking account of economic and recreational requirements and the needs of sub-species, varieties or forms at risk locally.

Article 3

• 1 Each Contracting Party shall take steps to promote national policies for the conservation of wild flora, wild fauna and natural habitats, with particular attention to endangered and vulnerable species, especially endemic ones, and endangered habitats, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention.

• 2 Each Contracting Party undertakes, in its planning and development policies and in its measures against pollution, to have regard to the conservation of wild flora and fauna.

• 3 Each Contracting Party shall promote education and disseminate general information on the need to conserve species of wild flora and fauna and their habitats.

CHAPTER II. Protection of habitats

Article 4

• 1 Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and necessary legislative and administrative measures to ensure the conservation of the habitats of the wild flora and fauna species, especially those specified in the Appendices I and II, and the conservation of endangered natural habitats.

• 2 The Contracting Parties in their planning and development policies shall have regard to the conservation requirements of the areas protected under the preceding paragraph, so as to avoid or minimise as far as possible any deterioration of such areas.

• 3 The Contracting Parties undertake to give special attention to the protection of areas that are of importance for the migratory species specified in Appendices II and III and which are appropriately situated in relation to migration routes, as wintering, staging, feeding, breeding or moulting areas.

• 4 The Contracting Parties undertake to co-ordinate as appropriate their efforts for the protection of the natural habitats referred to in this Article when these are situated in frontier areas.

CHAPTER III. Protection of species

Article 5

Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and necessary legislative and administrative measures to ensure the special protection of the wild flora species specified in Appendix I. Deliberate picking, collecting, cutting or uprooting of such plants shall be prohibited. Each Contracting Party shall, as appropriate, prohibit the possession or sale of these species.

Article 6

Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and necessary legislative and administrative measures to ensure the special protection of the wild fauna species specified in Appendix II. The following will in particular be prohibited for these species:

• a. all forms of deliberate capture and keeping and deliberate killing;

• b. the deliberate damage to or destruction of breeding or resting sites;

• c. the deliberate disturbance of wild fauna, particularly during the period of breeding, rearing and hibernation, insofar as disturbance would be significant in relation to the objectives of this Convention;

• d. the deliberate destruction or taking of eggs from the wild or keeping these eggs even if empty;

• e. the possession of and internal trade in these animals, alive or dead, including stuffed animals and any readily recognisable part or derivative thereof, where this would contribute to the effectiveness of the provisions of this Article.

Article 7

• 1 Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and necessary legislative and administrative measures to ensure the protection of the wild fauna species specified in Appendix III.

• 2 Any exploitation of wild fauna specified in Appendix III shall be regulated in order to keep the populations out of danger, taking into account the requirements of Article 2.

• 3 Measures to be taken shall include:

  • a. closed seasons and/or other procedures regulating the exploitation;

  • b. the temporary or local prohibition of exploitation, as appropriate, in order to restore satisfactory population levels;

  • c. the regulation as appropriate of sale, keeping for sale, transport for sale or offering for sale of live and dead wild animals.

Article 8

In respect of the capture or killing of wild fauna species specified in Appendix III and in cases where, in accordance with Article 9, exceptions are applied to species specified in Appendix II, Contracting Parties shall prohibit the use of all indiscriminate means of capture and killing and the use of all means capable of causing local disappearance of, or serious disturbance to, populations of a species, and in particular, the means specified in Appendix IV.

Article 9

• 1 Each Contracting Party may make exceptions from the provisions of Articles 4, 5, 6, 7 and from the prohibition of the use of the means mentioned in Article 8 provided that there is no other satisfactory solution and that the exception will not be detrimental to the survival of the population concerned:

  • - for the protection of flora and fauna;

  • - to prevent serious damage to crops, livestock, forests, fisheries, water and other forms of property;

  • - in the interests of public health and safety, air safety or other overriding public interests;

  • - for the purposes of research arid education, of repopulation, of reintroduction and for the necessary breeding;

  • - to permit, under strictly supervised conditions, on a selective basis and to a limited extent, the taking, keeping or other judicious exploitation of certain wild animals and plants in small numbers.

• 2 The Contracting Parties shall report every two years to the Standing Committee on the exceptions made under the preceding paragraph. These reports must specify:

  • - the populations which are or have been subject to the exceptions, and, when practical, the number of specimens involved;

  • - the means authorised for the killing or capture;

  • - the conditions of risk and the circumstances of time and place under which such exceptions were granted;

  • - the authority empowered to declare that these conditions have been fulfilled, and to take decisions in respect of the means that may be used, their limits and the persons instructed to carry them out;

  • - the controls involved.

CHAPTER IV. Special provisions for migratory species

Article 10

• 1 The Contracting Parties undertake, in addition to the measures specified in Articles 4, 6, 7 and 8, to co-ordinate their efforts for the protection of the migratory species specified in Appendices II and III whose range extends into their territories.

• 2 The Contracting Parties shall take measures to seek to ensure that the closed seasons and/or other procedures regulating the exploitation established under paragraph 3.a of Article 7 are adequate and appropriately disposed to meet the requirements of the migratory species specified in Appendix III.

CHAPTER V. Supplementary provisions

Article 11

• 1 In carrying out the provisions of this Convention, the Contracting Parties undertake:

  • a. to co-operate whenever appropriate and in particular where this would enhance the effectiveness of measures taken under other articles of this Convention;

  • b. to encourage and co-ordinate research related to the purposes of this Convention.

• 2 Each Contracting Party undertakes:

  • a. to encourage the reintroduction of native species of wild flora and fauna when this would contribute to the conservation of an endangered species, provided that a study is first made in the light of the experiences of other Contracting Parties to establish that such reintroduction would be effective and acceptable;

  • b. to strictly control the introduction of non-native species.

• 3 Each Contracting Party shall inform the Standing Committee of the species receiving complete protection on its territory and not included in Appendices I and II.

Article 12

The Contracting Parties may adopt stricter measures for the conservation of wild flora and fauna and their natural habitats than those provided under this Convention.

CHAPTER VI. Standing Committee

Article 13

• 1 For the purposes of this Convention, a Standing Committee shall be set up.

• 2 Any Contracting Party may be represented on the Standing Committee by one or more delegates. Each delegation shall have one vote. Within the areas of its competence, the European Economic Community shall exercise its right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of its member States which are Contracting Parties to this Convention; the European Economic Community shall not exercise its right to vote in cases where the member States concerned exercise theirs, and conversely.

• 3 Any member State of the Council of Europe which is not a Contracting Party to the Convention may be represented on the Committee as an observer.

  The Standing Committee may, by unanimous decision, invite any non-member State of the Council of Europe which is not a Contracting Party to the Convention to be represented by an observer at one of its meetings.

  Any body or agency technically qualified in the protection, conservation or management of wild fauna and flora and their habitats, and belonging to one of the following categories:

  • a. international agencies or bodies, either governmental or non-governmental, and national governmental agencies or bodies;

  • b. national non-governmental agencies or bodies which have been approved for this purpose by the State in which they are located,

  may inform the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, at least three months before the meeting of the Committee, of its wish to be represented at that meeting by observers. They shall be admitted unless, at least one month before the meeting, one-third of the Contracting Parties have informed the Secretary General of their objection.

• 4 The Standing Committee shall be convened by the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Its first meeting shall be held within one year of the date of the entry into force of the Convention. It shall subsequently meet at least every two years and whenever a majority of the Contracting Parties so request.

• 5 A majority of the Contracting Parties shall constitute a quorum for holding a meeting of the Standing Committee.

• 6 Subject to the provisions of this Convention, the Standing Committee shall draw up its own Rules of Procedure.

Article 14

• 1 The Standing Committee shall be responsible for following the application of this Convention. It may in particular:

  • - keep under review the provisions of this Convention, including its Appendices, and examine any modifications necessary;

  • - make recommendations to the Contracting Parties concerning measures to be taken for the purposes of this Convention;

  • - recommend the appropriate measures to keep the public informed about the activities undertaken within the framework of this Convention;

  • - make recommendations to the Committee of Ministers concerning non-member States of the Council of Europe to be invited to accede to this Convention;

  • - make any proposal for improving the effectiveness of this Convention, including proposals for the conclusion, with the States which are not Contracting Parties to the Convention, of agreements that would enhance the effective conservation of species or groups of species.

• 2 In order to discharge its functions, the Standing Committee may, on its own initiative, arrange for meetings of groups of experts.

Article 15

After each meeting, the Standing Committee shall forward to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe a report on its work and on the functioning of the Convention.

CHAPTER VII. Amendments

Article 16

• 1 Any amendment to the articles of this Convention proposed by a Contracting Party or the Committee of Ministers shall be communicated to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe and forwarded by him at least two months before the meeting of the Standing Committee to the member States of the Council of Europe, to any signatory, to any Contracting Party, to any State invited to sign this Convention in accordance with the provisions of Article 19 and to any State invited to accede to it in accordance with the provisions of Article 20.

• 2 Any amendment proposed in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be examined by the Standing Committee which:

  • a. for amendments to Articles 1 to 12, shall submit the text adopted by a three-quarters majority of the votes cast to the Contracting Parties for acceptance;

  • b. for amendments to Articles 13 to 24, shall submit the text adopted by a three-quarters majority of the votes cast to the Committee of Ministers for approval. After its approval, this text shall be forwarded to the Contracting Parties for acceptance.

• 3 Any amendment shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after all the Contracting Parties have informed the Secretary General that they have accepted it.

• 4 The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2.a and 3 of this Article shall apply to the adoption of new Appendices to this Convention.

Article 17

• 1 Any amendment to the Appendices of this Convention proposed by a Contracting Party or the Committee of Ministers shall be communicated to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe and forwarded by him at least two months before the meeting of the Standing Committee to the member States of the Council of Europe, to any signatory, to any Contracting Party, to any State invited to sign this Convention in accordance with the provisions of Article 19 and to any State invited to accede to it in accordance with the provisions of Article 20.

• 2 Any amendment proposed in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be examined by the Standing Committee, which may adopt it by a two-thirds majority of the Contracting Parties. The text adopted shall be forwarded to the Contracting Parties.

• 3 Three months after its adoption by the Standing Committee and unless one-third of the Contracting Parties have notified objections, any amendment shall enter into force for those Contracting Parties which have not notified objections.

CHAPTER VIII. Settlement of disputes

Article 18

• 1 The Standing Committee shall use its best endeavours to facilitate a friendly settlement of any difficulty to which the execution of this Convention may give rise.

• 2 Any dispute between Contracting Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention which has not been settled on the basis of the provisions of the preceding paragraph or by negotiation between the parties concerned shall, unless the said parties agree otherwise, be submitted, at the request of one of them, to arbitration. Each party shall designate an arbitrator and the two arbitrators shall designate a third arbitrator. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Article, if one of the parties has not designated its arbitrator within the three months following the request of arbitration, he shall be designated at the request of the other party by the President of the European Court of Human Rights within a further three months’ period. The same procedure shall be observed if the arbitrators cannot agree on the choice of the third arbitrator within the three months following the designation of the two first arbitrators.

• 3 In the event of a dispute between two Contracting Parties one of which is a member State of the European Economic Community, the latter itself being a Contracting Party, the other Contracting Party shall address the request for arbitration both to the member State and to the Community, which jointly, shall notify it, within two months of receipt of the request, whether the member State or the Community, or the member and the Community jointly, shall be party to the dispute. In the absence of such notification within the said time limit, the member State and the Community shall be considered as being one and the same party to the dispute for the purposes of the application of the provisions governing the constitution and procedure of the arbitration tribunal. The same shall apply when the member State and the Community jointly present themselves as party to the dispute.

• 4 The arbitration tribunal shall draw up its own Rules of Procedure. Its decisions shall be taken by majority vote. Its award shall be final and binding.

• 5 Each party to the dispute shall bear the expenses of the arbitrator designated by it and the parties shall share equally the expenses of the third arbitrator, as well as other costs entailed by the arbitration.

CHAPTER IX. Final Provisions

Article 19

• 1 This Convention shall be open for signature by the member States of the Council of Europe and non-member States which have participated in its elaboration and by the European Economic Community.

  Up until the date when the Convention enters into force, it shall also be open for signature by any other State so invited by the Committee of Ministers.

  The Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval. Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.

• 2 The Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiry of a period of three months after the date on which five States, including at least four member States of the Council of Europe, have expressed their consent to be bound by the Convention in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

• 3 In respect of any signatory State or the European Economic Community which subsequently express their consent to be bound by it, the Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiry of a period of three months after the date of the deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval.

Article, 20

• 1 After the entry into force of this Convention, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, after consulting the Contracting Parties, may invite to accede to the Convention any non-member State of the Council which, invited to sign in accordance with the provisions of Article 19, has not yet done so, and any other non-member State.

• 2 In respect of any acceding State, the Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiry of a period of three months after the date of the deposit of the instrument of accession with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.

Article 21

• 1 Any State may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, specify the territory or territories to which this Convention shall apply.

• 2 Any Contracting Party may, when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession or at any later date, by declaration addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, extend the application of this Convention to any other territory specified in the declaration and for whose international relations it is responsible or on whose behalf it is authorised to give undertakings.

• 3 Any declaration made under the preceding paragraph may, in respect of any territory mentioned in such declaration, be withdrawn by notification addressed to the Secretary General. Such withdrawal shall become effective on the first day of the month following the expiry of a period of six months after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary General.

Article 22

• 1 Any State may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, make one or more reservations regarding certain species specified in Appendices I to III and/or, for certain species mentioned in the reservation or reservations, regarding certain means or methods of killing, capture and other exploitation listed in Appendix IV. No reservations of a general nature may be made.

• 2 Any Contracting Party which extends the application of this Convention to a territory mentioned in the declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 21 may, in respect of the territory concerned, make one or more reservations in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

• 3 No other reservation may be made.

• 4 Any Contracting Party which has made a reservation under paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article may wholly or partly withdraw it by means of a notification addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Such withdrawal shall take effect as from the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary General.

Article 23

• 1 Any Contracting Party may, at any time, denounce this Convention by means of a notification addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.

• 2 Such denunciation shall become effective on the first day of the month following the expiry of a period of six months after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary General.

Article 24

The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall notify the member States of the Council of Europe, any signatory State, the European Economic Community if a signatory of this Convention and any Contracting Party of:

• a. any signature;

• b. the deposit of any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession;

• c. any date of entry into force of this Convention in accordance with Articles 19 and 20;

• d. any information forwarded under the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 13;

• e. any report established in pursuance of the provisions of Article 15;

• f. any amendment or any new Appendix adopted in accordance with Articles 16 and 17 and the date on which the amendment or new Appendix comes into force;

• g. any declaration made under the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 21;

• h. any reservation made under the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 22;

• i. the withdrawal of any reservation carried out under the provisions of paragraph 4 of Article 22;

• j. any notification made under the provisions of Article 23 and the date on which the denunciation takes effect.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto, have signed this Convention.

DONE at Bern, this 19th day of September 1979, in English and French, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Council of Europe. The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall transmit certified copies to each member State of the Council of Europe, to any signatory State, to the European Economic Community if a signatory and to any State invited to sign this Convention or to accede thereto.

Appendix I. Strictly protected flora species

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Algae

Caulerpa ollivieri (for the Mediterranean)

Cystoseira amentacea (inclus var. stricta et var. spicata) (for the Mediterranean)

Cystoseira mediterranea (for the Mediterranean)

Cystoseira sedoides (for the Mediterranean)

Cystoseira spinosa (inclus C. adriatica) (for the Mediterranean)

Cystoseira zosteroides (for the Mediterranean)

Goniolithon byssoides (for the Mediterranean)

Laminaria rodriquezii (for the Mediterranean)

Laminaria ochroleuca (for the Mediterranean)

Lithophyllum lichenoides (for the Mediterranean)

Ptilophora mediterranea (for the Mediterranean)

Schimmelmannia schousboei = S. ornata (for the Mediterranean)

Phanerogamia

Cymodocea nodosa (or the Mediterranean)

Posidonia oceanica (for the Mediterranean)

Zostera marina (for the Mediterranean)

PTERIDOPHYTA

ASPLENIACEAE

Asplenium hemoionitis L.

Asplenium jahandiezii (Litard.) Rouy

BLECHNACEAE

Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm.

DICKSONIACEAE

Culcita macrocarpa C. Presl

DRYOPTERIDACEAE

Dryopteris corleyi Fraser-Jenk.

HYMENOPHYLLACEAE

Trichomanes speciosum Willd.

ISOETACEAE

Isoetes boryana Durieu

Isoetes malinverniana Ces. & De Not.

MARSILEACEAE

Marsilea batardae Launert

Marsilea quadrifolia L.

Marsilea strigosia Willd.

Pilularia minuta Duriue ex.Braun

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE

Botrychium matricariifolium A. Braun ex Koch

Botrychium multifidum (S. G. Gmelin) Rupr.

Botrychium simplex Hitchc.

Ophioglossum polyphyllum A.Braun

SALVINIACEAE

Salvinia natanas (L.) All.

GYMNOSPINACEAE

Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei

ANGIOSPERMAE

ALISMATACEAE

Alisma wahlenbergii (O.R. Holmb.) Juz.

Caldesia parnassifolia (L.) Parl.

Luronium natans (L.) Raf.

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Leucojum nicaeense Ard.

Narcissus angustifolius Curt.

Narcissus longispathus Pugsley

Narcissus nevadensis Pugsley

Narcissus scaberalus Henriq.

Narcissus triandus L.

Narcissus virdiflorus Schousboe

Sternbergia candida B. Mathew & Baytop

APOCYNACEAE

Rhazya orientalis (Decaisne) A.DC.

ARACEAE

Arum purpureospathum Boyce

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE

Aristolochia samsunensis Davis

BORAGINACEAE

Alkanna pinardii Boiss.

Anchuna crispa Viv. (inclu. A. litoreae)

Lithodora nitida (H. Ern) R. Fernandes

Myosotis rehsteineri Wartm.

Omphalodes kuzinskyana Willk.

Omphalodes litorralis Lełim.

Onosma halophlium Boiss. & Heldr.

Onosma proponticum Aznav.

Onosma troodi Kotschy

Solenanthus ałbanicus (Degen et al.) Degen & Baldacci

Symphytum cycladense Pawl.

CAMPANULACEAE

Asyneuma giganteum (Boiss.) Bornm.

Campanula abietina Griseb. et Schenk.

Campanula damboldtiana Davis

Campanula gelida Kovanda

Campanula lanata Friv.

Campanula lycica Sorger & Kit Tan

Campanula morettiana Reichenb.

Campanula romanica Savul.

Campanula sabatia De Not.

Jasione lusitanica A.DC.

Physoplexis comosa (L.) Schur

Trachelium asperuloides Boiss. & Orph.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Arenaria nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter

Arenaria provincialis Chater & Halliday

Cerastium alsinifolium Tausch

Dianthus hypanicus Andrz.

Dianthus nitidus Waldst. et Kit.

Dianthus rupicola Biv.

Dianthus serotinus Waldst. et Kit.

Dianthus urumoffii Stoj. et Acht.

Gypsophiła papillosa P. Porta

Herniaria algarvica Chaudri

Herniaria maritima Link

Minuartia smejkalii Dvorakova

Moehringia hypanica Grynj. et Klok.

Moehringia jankae Griseb. ex Janka

Moehringia fontqueri Pau

Moehringia tomrnasinii Marches.

Petrocoptis grandiflora Rothm.

Petrocoptis montsicciana O. Bolos Rivas Mart.

Petrocoptis pseudoviscosa Femandez Casas

Saponaria halophila Hedge & Hub.-Mor.

Silene cretacea Fisch. ex Spreng.

Silene furcata Raf. subsp. angustiflora (Rupr.) Walters

Silene haussknechtii Heldr. ex Hausskn.

Silene hifacensis Rouy ex Willk.

Silene holzmannii Heldr. ex Boiss.

Silene mariana Pau

Silene orphanidis Boiss.

Silene pompeiopolitana Gay ex Boiss.

Silene rothmaleri Pinto da Silva.

Silene salsuginea Hub.-Mor.

Silene sangaria Coode & Cullen

Silene velutina Pourret ex Loisel.

CHENOPODIACEAE

Beta adanensis Pamuk. apud Aellen

Beta trojana Pamuk. apud Aellen

Kalidiopsis wagenitzii Aellen

Kochia saxicola Guss.

Microcnemum coralloides (Loscos & Pardo) subsp. anatolicum

Wagenitz

Salicornia veneta Pignatti & Lausi

Salsola anatolica Aellen

Suaeda cucullata Aellen

CISTACEAE

Helianthemum alypoides Losa & Rivas Goday

Helianthemum arcticum (Grosser) Janch.

Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss.

Tuberaria major (Willk.) Pinto da Silva & Roseira

COMPOSITAE

Andryala levitomentosa (E. I. Nayardy) P. D. Sell

Anthemis trotzkiana Claus ex Bunge.

Achillea glaberrima Klok.

Achillea thracica Velen.

Anacyclus latealatus Hub.-Mor.

Anthemis glaberrima (Rech·f.) Greuter

Anthemis halophila Boiss. & Bal.

Artemisia granatensis Boiss.

Artemisia insipida Vill.

Artemisia laciniata Willd.

Artemisia pancicii (Janka) Ronn.

Aster pyrenaeus Desf. ex DC.France,

Aster sibiricus L.

Carduus myriacanthus Salzm. ex DC.

Carlina diae (Rech.f.) Meusel & Kastener

Centaurea akamantis

Centaurea alba L. subsp. heldreichii (Halacsy) Dostal (Centaurea heldreichii Halacsy)

Centaurea alba L. subsp. princeps (Boiss. & Heldr.) Gugler (Centaurea princeps Boiss. & Heldr.)

Centaurea attica Nyman subsp. megarensis (Halacsy & Hayek) Dostal (Centaurea megarensis Halacsy & Hayek)

Centaurea balearica J.D. Rodriguez

Centaurea borjae Valdes-Benn. & Rivas Goday

Centaurea citricolor Font Quer

Centaurea corymbosa Pourret

Centaurea dubjanskyi Iljin.

Centaurea hermannii F. Hermann

Centaurea horrida Badaro

Centaurea jankae Brandza

Centaurea kalambakensis Freyn & Sint.

Centaurea kartschiana Scop.

Centaurea lactiflora Halacsy

Centaurea niederi Heldr.

Centaurea peucedanifolia Boiss. & Orph.

Centaurea pineticola Iljin.

Centaurea pinnata Pau

Centaurea pontica Prodan & E. I. Nayardy

Centaurea pseudoleucolepis Kleop

Centaurea pulvinata (G. Blanca) G. Blanca

Centaurea tchihatcheffii Fich. & Mey.

Crepis crocifolia Boiss. & Heldr.

Crepis granatensis (Willk.) G. Blanca & M. Cueto

Crepis purpurea Willd. Bieb

Dendranthema zawadskyi (Herb.) Tzvel.

Erigeron frigidus Boiss. ex DC.

Helichrysum sibthorpii Rouy

Hymenostemma pseudanthemis (Kunze) Willd.

Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Reichenb.

Jurinea fontqueri Cuatrec.

Lagoseris purpurea (Willd.) Boiss.

Lamyropsis microcephala (Moris) Dittrich & Greuter

Leontodon boryi Boiss. ex DC.

Leontodon microcephalus (Boiss. ex DC.) Boiss.

Leontodon siculus (Guss.) Finch & Sell

Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass.**

Picris willkommii (Schultz Bip.) Nyman

Santolina elegans Boiss. ex DC.

Senecio elodes Boiss. ex DC.

Senecio nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter

Serratula tanaitica P. Smirn.

Sonchus erzincanicus Matthews

Wagenitzia lancifolia (Sieber ex Sprengel) Dostal

CONVOLVULACEAE

Convolvulus argyrothamnos Greuter

Convolvulus pulvinatus Sa’ad

CRUCIFERAE

Alyssum akamasicum B. L. Burtt

Alyssum borzaeanum E. I. Nayardy

Alyssum pyrenaicum Lapeyr. (Ptilotrichum pyrenaicum (Lapeyr.) Boiss.)

Arabis kennedyae Meikle

Armoracia macrocarpa (Waldst. & Kit.) Kit. ex Baumg.

Aurinia uechtritziana (Bornm.) Cullen et T. R. Dudley

Biscutella neustriaca Bonnet

Boleum asperum (Pers.) Desvaux

Brassica glabrescens Poldini

Brassica hilarionis Post

Brassica sylvestris (l.) Mill. subsp. taurica Tzvel.

Brassica insularis Moris

Brassica macrocarpa Guss.

Braya purpurasceus (R.Br.) Bunge

Cochlearia polonica Frohlich

Crambe koktebelica (Junge) N. Busch.

Coincya rupestris Rouy (Hutera rupestris P. Porta)

Coronopus navasii Pau

Crambe litwinonowii K. Gross.

Diplotaxis ibicensis (Pau) Gomez-Campo

Diplotaxis siettiana Maire

Draba dorneri Heuffel

Erucastrum palustre (Pirona) Vis.

Erysimum pieninicum (Zapal.) Pawl.

Iberis arbuscula Runemark

Ionopsidium acaule (Desf.) Reichemb.

Ionopsidium savianum (Caruel) Ball ex Arcang.

Lepidium turczaninowii Lipsky.

Murbeckiella sousae Rothm.

Schivereckia podolica (Besser) Andrz.

Sisymbrium cavanillesianum Valdes & Castroviejo (S. matritense P.W. Ball & Heywood)

Sisymbrium confertum Stev.

Sisymbrium supinum L.

Thlaspi cariense A. Carlström

Thlaspi jankae A. Kern

CYPERACEAE

Carex secalina Willd. ex Wahlenb.

Eleocharis carniolica Koch

DIOSCOREACEAE

Borderea chouardii (Gaussen) Heslot

DIPSACACEAE

Dipsacus cephalarioides Mathews & Kupicha

DROSERACEAE

Aldrovanda vesiculosa L.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Euphorbia margalidiana Kuhbier & Lewejohann

Euphprbia nevadensis Boiss. & Reuter

GENTIANACEAE

Centaurium rigualii Esteve Chueca

Centaurium somedanum Lainz

Gentiana ligustica R. de Vilm. Chopinet

Gentianella anglica (Pugsley) E. R Warburg

GERANIACEAE

Erodium astragaloides Boiss. & Reuter

Erodium chrysanthum L’Herit. ex DC.

Erodium paularense Fernandez-Gonzalez & Izco

Erodium rupicola Boiss.

GESNERIACEAE

Haberlea rhodopensis Friv.

Jankaea heldreichii (Boiss.) Boiss.

Ramonda serbica Pancic

GRAMINEAE

Avenula hackelii (Henriq.) Holub

Bromus bromoideus (Lej.) Crepin

Bromus grossus Desf. ex DC.

Bromus interruptus (Hackel) Druce

Bromus moesiacus Velen.

Bromus psammophilus P. M. Smith

Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidl

Eremopoa mardinensis R. Mill

Gaudinia hispanica Stace & Tutin

Micropyropsis tuberosa Romero-Zarco Gabezudo

Poa granitica Br- Bl.

Poa riphaea (Ascherson et Graebner) Fritsch

Puccinellia pungens (Pau) Paunero

Stipa austroitalica Martinovsky

Stipa bavarica Martinovsky & H. Scholz

Stipa danubialis Dihoru & Roman

Stipa styriaca Martinovsky

Stipa syreistschikowii P. Smirn.

Trisetum subalpestre (Hartm.) Neuman

GROSSULARIACEAE

Ribes sardoum Martelli

HYPERICACEAE

Hypericum aciferum (Greuter) N. K. B. Robson

Hypericum salsugineum Robson & Hub.-Mor.

IRIDACEAE

Crocus abantensis T. Baytop & Mathew

Crocus cyprius Boiss. & Kotschy

Crocus etrascus Parl.

Crocus hartmannianus Holmboe

Crocus robertianus C. D. Brickell

Gladiolus felicis Mirek

Iris marsica Ricci & Colasante

LABIATAE

Dracocephalum austriacum L.

Dracocephalum ruyschiana L.

Micromeria taygetea P. H. Davis

Nepeta dirphya (Boiss.) Heldr. ex Halacsy

Nepeta sphaciotica P. H. Davis

Origanum cordifolium (Auch. & Montbr.) Vogel (Amaracus cordifolium Montr. & Auch.)

Origanum dictamnus L.

Origanum scabrum Boiss. & Heldr

Phlomis brevibraceteata Turrill

Phlomis cypria Post

Rosmarinus tomentosus Huber-Morath & Maire

Salvia crassifolia Sibth. & Smith

Sideritis cypria Post

Sideritis incana L. ssp. glauca (Cav.) Malagarriga

Sideritis javalambrensis Pau

Sideritis serrata Cav. ex Lag.

Teucrium lepicephalum Pau

Teucrium charidemi Sandwith

Teucrium lamiifolium D’Urv.

Teucrium turredanum Losa & Rivas Goday

Thymus aznavourri Velen.

Thymus camphoratus Hoffmanns. & Link

Thymus camosus Boiss.

Thymus cephalotos L.

LEGUMINOSAE

Anthyllis hystrix Cardona, Contandr. & E. Sierra

Astragalus aitosensis Ivanisch.

Astragalus algarbiensis Coss. ex Bunge

Astragalus aquilanus Anzalone

Astragalus centralpinus Braun-Blanquet

Astragalus kungurensis Boriss.

Astragalus macrocarpus DC. subsp. lefkarensis Agerer-Kirchoff & Meikle

Astragalus maritimus Moris

Astragalus peterfii Jav.

Astragalus physocalyx Fischer

Astragalus psedopurpureus Gusul.

Astragalus setosulus Gontsch.

Astragalus tanaiticus C. Koch.

Astragalus tremolsianus Pau

Astragalus verrucosus Moris

Cytisus aeolicus Guss. ex Lindl.

Genista dorycnifolia Font Quer

Genista holopetala (Fleischm. ex Koch) Baldacci

Genista tetragona Bess.

Glycyrrhiza iconica Hub.-Mor.

Hedysarum razoumovianum Fisch. et Helm.

Ononis maweana Ball

Oxytropis deflexa (Pallas) DC. ssp. norvegica Nordh.

Sphaerophysa kotschyana Boiss.

Thermopsis turcica Kit Tan, Vural & Küçüködü

Trifolium banaticum (Heuffel) Majovsky

Trifolium pachycalyx Zoh.

Trifolium saxatile All.

Trigonella arenicola Hub.-Mor.

Trigonella halophila Boiss.

Trigonella polycarpa Boiss. & Heldr.

Vicia bifoliolata J. D. Rodriguez

LENTIBULARIACEAE

Pinguicula crystallina Sibth. & Sm.

Pinguicula nevadensis (Lindb.) Casper

LILIACEAE

Allium grosii Font Quer

Allium regelianum A. Beck.

Allium vuralii Kit Tan

Androcymbium europaeum (Lange) K. Richter

Androcymbium rechingeri Greuter

Asparagus lycaonicus Davis

Asphodelus bento-rainhae Pinto da Silva

Chionodoxa lochiae Meikle

Chionodoxa luciliae Boiss.

Colchicum arenarium Waldst. & Kit.

Colchicum corsicum Baker

Colchicum cousturieri Greuter

Colchicum davidovii Stef.

Colchicum fominii Bordz.

Colchicum micranthum Boiss.

Fritillaria conica Boiss.

Fritillaria drenovskii Degen & Stoy.

Fritillaria epirotica Turrill ex Rix

Fritillaria euboeica (Rix Doerfler) Rix

Fritillaria graeca Boiss.

Fritillaria montana Hoppe.

Fritillaria gussichiae (Degen & Doerfler) Rix

Fritillaria obliqua Ker-Gawl.

Fritillaria rhodocanakis Orph. ex Baker

Fritillaria tuntasia Heldr. ex Halacsy

Lilium jankae A. Kerner

Lilium rhodopaeum Delip.

Muscari gussonei (Parl.) Tod.

Ornithogalum reverchonii Lange

Scilla morrisii Meikle

Scilla odorata Link

Tulipa cypria Stapf

Tulipa goulimya Sealy & Turrill

Tulipa hungarica Borbas

Tulipa praecox Ten.

Tulipa sprengeri Baker

LINACEAE

Linum dolomiticum Borbas

LYTHRACEAE

Lythrum flexuosum Lag.

Lythrum thesioides M. Bieb.

MALVACEAE

Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb.

NAJADACEAE

Caulinia tenuissima (A. br. ex Magnus) Tzvel.

Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & W. L. Schmidt

Najas tenuissima (A. Braun) Magnus

ORCHIDACEAE

Cephalanthera cucullata Boiss & Heldr.

Comperia comperiana (Steven) Aschers. & Graebner

Cypripedium calceolus L.

Dactylorhiza chuhensis Renz & Taub.

Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich.

Ophrys argolica Fleischm.

Ophrys oestrifera Bieb.

Ophrys isaura Renz & Taub.

Ophrys kotschyi Fleischm. & Soo

Ophrys lunulata Parl.

Ophrys lycia Renz & Taub.

Ophrys taurica (Agg.) Nevski.

Orchis provincialis Balb.

Platanthera obtusata (Pursh) Lindl. subsp. oligantha (Turcz.) Hulten

Spiranthes aestivalis (Poiret) L. C. M. Richard

PAEONIACEAE

Paeonia cambessedesii (Willk.) Willk.

Paeonia clusii F. C. Stern subsp. rhodia (Stearn) Tzanoudakis

Paeonia officinalis L. subsp. banatica (Rochel) Soo

Paeonia paraassica Tzanoudakis

Paeonia tenuifolia L.

PALMAE

Phoenix theophrasti Greuter

PAPAVERACEAE

Papaver lapponicum (Tolm.) Nordh.

Rupicapnos africana (Lam.) Pomel

PLUMBAGINACEAE

Armeria pseudarmeria (Murray) Mansfeld

Armeria rouyana Daveau

Armeria soleirolii (Duby) Godron

Armeria velutina Welv. ex Boiss. & Reuter

Limonium anatolicum Hedge

Limonium tamaricoides Bokhari

POLEMONIACEAE

Polemonium boreale Adams

POLYGONACEAE

Polygonum praelongum Coode & Cullen

Rheum rhaponticum L.

Rumex rupestris Le Gall

PRIMULACEAE

Androsace cylindrica DC.

Androsace mathildae Levier

Androsace pyrenaica Lam.

Cyclamen coum Mill.

Cyclamen kuznetzovii Kotov et Czernova.

Cyclamen mirabile Hildebr.

Lysimachia minoricensis J. D. Rodriguez

Primula apennina Widmer

Primula deorum Velen.

Primula egaliksensis Wormsk.

Primula frondosa Janka

Primula glaucescens Moretti

Primula palinuri Petagna

Primula spectabilis Tratt.

Primula wulfeniana Scot subsp. baumgarteniana (Degen & Moesz) Ludi

Soldanella villosa Darracq

RANUNCULACEAE

Aconitum corsicum Gayer

Aconitum flerovii Steinb.

Aconitum lasiocarpum (Reichenb.) Gáyer

Adonis cyllenea Boiss, Heldr. & Orph.

Adonis distorta Ten.

Anemone uralense Nevski.

Aquilegia bertolonii Schott

Aquilegia kitaibelii Schott

Aquilegia ottonis subsp. taygetea (Orph.) Strid

Aquilegia pyrenaica D.C. subsp. cazorlensis (Heywood) Galiano & Rivas Martinez (Aquilegia cazorlensis Heywood)

Consolida samia R H. Davis

Delphinium caseyi B. L. Burtt

Pulsatilla grandis Wend. (Pulsatilla halleri (All.) Willd. subsp. grandis (Wend.) Meikle

Pulsatilla patens (L.) Miller

Pulsatilla slavica G. Reuss

Ranunculus fontamis C. Presl

Ranunculus kykkoensis Meikle

Ranunculus weyleri Mares

RESEDACEAE

Reseda decursiva Forssk. Gibraltar

ROSACEAE

Crataegus dikmensis Pojark

Geum bulgaricum Panc.

Potentilla delphinensis Gren. & Godron

Potentilla emilii-popii E. I. Nayardy

Potentilla silesiaca Uechtr.

Pyrus anatolica Browicz

RUBIACEAE

Galium cracoviense Ehrend.

Galium globuliferum Hub.-Mor & Reese

Galium litorale Guss.

Galium moldavicum (Dobrescu) Franco

Galium rhodopeum Velen.

Galium viridiflorum Boiss & Reuter

SANTALACEAE

Thesium ebracteatum Hayne

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Saxifraga berica (Beguinot) D. A. Webb

Saxifraga cintrana Kuzinsky ex Willk.

Saxifraga florulenta Moretti

Saxifraga hirculus L.

Saxifraga presolanensis Engl.

Saxifraga tombeanensis Boiss. ex Engl.

Saxifraga valdensis DC.

Saxifraga vayredana Luizet

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Antirrhinum charidemi Lange

Euphrasia marchesettii Wettst. ex Marches.

Linaria algarviana Chav.

Linaria ficalhoana Rouy

Linaria flava (Poiret) Desf.

Linaria hellenica Turril

Linaria loeselii Schweigger

Linaria ricardoi Cout.

Linaria tursica B. Valdes & Cabezudo

Lindernia procumbens (Krocker) Philcox

Odontites granatensis Boiss.

Pedicularis sudetica Willd.

Verbascum afyonense Hub.-Mor.

Verbascum basivelatum Hub.-Mor.

Verbascum cylleneum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Kuntze

Verbascum degenii Hal.

Verbascum purpureum (Janka) Huber-Morath

Verbascum stepporum Hub.-Mor.

Veronica euxina Turrill

Veronica oetaea L.-A. Gustavsson

Veronica turrilliana Stoj. et Stef.

SELAGINACEAE

Globularia stygia Orph. ex Boiss.

SOLANACEAE

Atropa baetica Willk.

Mandragora officinarum L.

THYMELAEACEAE

Daphne arbuscula Celak.

Daphne petraea Leybold

Daphne rodriguezii Texidor

Thymelea broterana Coutinho

TRAPACEAE

Trapa natans L.

TYPHACEAE

Typha minima Funk

Typha shuttleworthii Koch & Sonder

ULMACEAE

Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss.

UMBELLIFERAE

Angelica heterocarpa Lloyd

Angelica palustris (Besser) Hoffman

Apium bermejoi Llorens

Apium repens (Jacq.) Lag.

Athamanta cortiana Ferrarini

Bupleurum capillare Boiss. & Heldr.

Bupleuram dianthifolium Guss.

Bupleurum kakiskalae Greuter

Eryngium alpinum L.

Eryngium vivipanun Gay

Ferula orientalis L.

Ferula halophila H. Pesmen

Ferula sadleriana Ledebour

Laserpitium longiradiuni Boiss.

Naufraga balearica Constance & Cannon

Oenanthe conioides Lange

Petagnia saniculifolia Guss.

Rouya polygama (Desf.) Coincy

Seseli intracatum Boiss.

Thorella verticillatinιιndata (Thore) Briq.

VALERIANACEAE

Centranthus kellererii (Stoj. Stef. et Georg.) Stoj. et Stef.

Centranthus trinervis (Viv.) Beguinot

VIOLACEAE

Viola athois W. Becker

Viola cazorlensis Gandoger

Viola cryana Gillot

Viola delphinantha Boiss.

Viola hispida Lam.

Viola jaubertiana Mares & Vigineix

BRYOPHYTA

BRYOPSIDA: ANTHOCEROTAE

ANTHOCEROTACEAE

Notothylas orbicularis (schwein.) sull

BRYOPSIDA: HEPATICAE

AYTONIACEAE

Mannia triandra (Scop.) Grolle

CEPHALOZIACEAE

Cephalozia macounii (Aust.) Aust.

CODONIACEAE

Petalophyllum ralfsii (Wils.) Nees et Gott. ex Lehm.

FRULLANIACEAE

Frullania parvistipula Steph.

GYMNOMITRIACEAE

Marsupella profunda Lindb.

JUNGERMANNIACEAE

Jungermannia handelii (Schiffn.) Amak.

RICCIACEAE

Riccia breidleri Jur. ex Steph

RIELLACEAE

Riella helicophylla (Mont.) Hook.

SCAPANIACEAE

Scapania massalongi (K. Muell.) K. Muell.

BRYOPSIDA: MUSCI

AMBLYSTEGIACEAE

Drepanocladus vernicosus (Mitt.) Warnst.

BRUCHIACEAE

Bruchia vogesiaca Schwaegr.

BUXBAUMIACEAE

Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. & DC). Brid ex Moug. & Nestl.

DICRANACEAE

Atractylocarpus alpinus (Schimp. ex Milde) Lindb.

Cynodontium suecicum (H. Arn. & C. Jens.) I. Hag.

Dicranum viride (Sull. & Lesq.) Lindb.

FONTINALACEAE

Dichelyma capillaceum (With.) Myr.

FUNARIACEAE

Pyramidula tetragona (Brid.) Brid.

HOOKERIACEAE

Distichophyllum carinatum Dix. & Nich.

MEESIACEAE

Meesia longiseta Hedw.

ORTHOTRICHACEAE

Orthotrichum rogeri Brid.

SPHAGNACEAE

Sphagnum pylaisii Brid.

SPLACHNACEAE

Tayloria rudolphiana (Garov.) B.S.G.

Endemic species of the maraconesian region

PTERIDOPHYTA

ASPLENIACEAE

Asplenium azoricum Lovis

DRYOPTERIDACEAE

Polystichum drepanum (Swartz) C. Presl

HYMENOPHYLLACEAE

Hymenophyllum maderensis

ISOETACEAE

Isoetes azorica Durieu ex Milde

LYCOPODIACEAE

Diphasium madeirense (Wilee.) Rothm.

MARSILEACEAE

Marsilea azorica Launert

GYMNOSPERMAE

CUPRESACEAE

Juniperus brevifolia (Seub.) Antoine

ANGIOSPERMAE

AGAVACEAE

Dracaena draco (L.) L.

ASCLEPIADACEAE

Caralluma burchardii N.E. Brown

Ceropegia chrysantha Svent.

Vincetoxicum pannonicum (Borhidi) Holub

BERBERIDACEAE

Berberis maderensis Lowe

BORAGINACEAE

Echium gentianoides Webb ex Coincy

Echium handiense Svent.

Echium pininana Webb et Berth.

Myosotis azorica H. C. Watson

Myosotis maritima Hochst. ex Seub.

Myosotis praecox Hulphers

Onosma polyphylla Lebed.

Onosma tornensis Javorka

CAMPANULACEAE

Azorina vidalii (H. C. Watson) Feer

Musschia aurea (L.f.) DC.

Musschia wollastonii Lowe

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Sambucus palmensis Link

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Cerastium azoricum Hochst.

Silene nocteolens Webb et Berth

CISTACEAE

Cistus chinamadensis Bañares & Romero

Helianthemum bystropogophyllum Svent.

Helianthemum teneriffae Cosson

COMPOSITAE

Andryala crithmifolia Ait.

Argyranthemum lidii Humphries

Argyranthemum pinnatifidum (L.F.) Lowe subsp. succulentum (Lowe) Humphries

Argyranthemum winterii (Svent.) Humphries

Atractylis arbuscula Svent. & Michaelis

Atractylis preauxiana Schultz Bip.

Bellis azorica Hochst. ex Seub.

Calendula maderensis Dc.

Carlina onopordifolia Besser

Cheirolophus duranii (Burchard) Holub

Cheirolophus falsisectus Montelongo et Moraleda

Cheirolophus ghomerythus (Svent.) Holub

Cheirolophus junonianus (Svent.) Holub

Cheirolophus metlesicsii Montelongo

Cheirolophus santosabreui Santos

Cheirolophus satarataensis (Svent.) Holub

Cheirolophus tagananensis (Svent.) Holub

Helichrysum monogynum B.L. Burth. & Sunding

Helichrysum gossypinum Webb

Hypochoeris oligocephala (Svent. & D. Bramwell) Lack Lactuca watsoniana Trelease

Leotodon filii (Hochst. ex Seub.) Paiva & Orm.

Onopordum carduelinum Bolle

Onopordum nogalesii Svent.

Pericallis hadrosomus Svent.

Pericallis malvifolia (L’Hér) B. Nord.

Phagnalon benetii Lowe

Senecio hermosae Pitard

Sonchus gandogeri Pitard

Stemmacantha cynaroides

Sventenia bupleuroides Font Quer

Tanacetum o’shanahanii Febles. Marrero et Suárez

Tanacetum ptarmiciflorum (Webb) Schultz Bip.

Tolpis glabrescens Kämmer

CONVOLVULACEAE

Convolvulus caput-medusae Lowe

Convolvulus lopez-socasi Svent.

Convolvulus massonii A. Dietr.

Pharbitis preauxii Webb

CRASSULACEAE

Aeonium balsamiferum Webb et Berth.

Aeonium gomeraense Praeger

Aeonium saundersii Bolle

Aichrysum dumosum (Lowe) Praeg.

Monanthes wildpretii Bañares & Scholz

CRUCIFERAE

Crambe arborea Webb ex Christ

Crambe laevigata DG ex Christ

Crambe scoparia Svent.

Crambe sventenii B. Petters. ex Bramw. & Sunding

Parolinia schizogynoides Svent.

Sinapidendron sempervivifolium Mnzs.

CYPERACEAE

Carex malato-belizii Raymond

DIPSACACEAE

Scabiosa nitens Roem. & Schult.

ERICACEAE

Daboecia azorica Tutin & Warb.

Erica scoparia L. subsp. azorica (Hochst.) D. A. Webb

Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Euphorbia bourgaeana Gay ex Boiss.

Euphorbia handiensis Burchard

Euρhorbia lambii Svent.

Euphorbia stygiana H. C. Watson

GERANIACEAE

Geranium maderense Yeo

GRAMINEAE

Agrostis gracilaxa Franco

Deschampsia maderensis (Hack. et Bornm.) Buschm.

Phalaris maderensis (Mnzs.) Mnzs.

LABIATAE

Micromeria glomerata P. Pérez

Micromeria leucantha Svent. ex Pérez

Salvia herbanica Santos et Fernández

Sideritis cystosiphon Svent.

Sideritis discolor (Webb ex de Noe) Bolle

Sideritis infernalίs Bolle

Sideritis marmorea Bolle.

Teucrium abutiloides l’Her.

LEGUMINOSAE

Adenocarpus ombriosus Ceb. & Ort.

Anthyllis lemanniana Lowe

Anagyris latifolia Brouss. ex Willd.

Cicer canariensis Santos & Gweil

Dorycnium spectabile Webb & Berthel.

Genista benehoavensis (Bolle ex Svent.) Del Arco

Lotus callis-viridis D. Bramwell & D. H. Davis

Lotus azoricus P. W. Ball

Lotus eremiticus Santos

Lotus kunkellii (E. Chueca) D. Bramwell et al.

Lotus maculatus Breitfeld

Lotus pyranthus P. Perez

Teline nervosa (Esteve) A. Hansen et Sund.

Teline rosmarinifolia Webb & Berthel.

Teline salsoloides Arco & Acebes.

Vicia dennesiana H. C. Watson

LILIACEAE

Androcymbium psammlophilum Svent.

Smilax divaricata Sol. ex Wats.

MYRICACEAE

Myrica rivas-martinezii Santos.

OLEACEAE

Jasminum azoricum L.

Picconia azorica (Tutin) Knbol.

Syringa josikaea Jacq. fil.

ORCHlDACEAE

Barlia metlesicsiaca Teschner

Goodyera macrophylla Lowe

Himantoglossum caprinum (Bieb.) C. Koch.

Orchis punctulata Stev. ex Lindl.

Orchis scopulorum Summerh.

Steveniella satyrioides (Stev.) Schlechter.

PITTOSPORACEAE

Pittosporum coriaceum Dryander ex Aiton

PLANTAGINACEAE

Plantago famarae Svent.

Plantago malato-belizii Lawalree

PLUMBAGINACEAE

Limonium arborescens (Brouss.) Kuntze

Limonium dendroides Svent.

Limonium fruticans (Webb) O. Kuntze

Limonium perezii Stapf

Limonium preauxii (Webb et Berth.) O. Kuntze

Limonium spectabile (Svent.) Kunkel & Sunding

Limonium sventenii Santos & Femandez Galvan

POLYGONACEAE

Rumex azoricus Rech.

RHAMNACEAE

Frangula azorica Tutin

ROSACEAE

Bencomia brachystachya Svent.

Bencomia exstipulata Svent.

Bencomia sphaerocarpa Svent.

Chamaemeles coriacea Lindl.

Dendriopoterium pulidoi Svent.

Marcetella maderensis (Bornm.) Svent.

Pmnus lusitanica ssp. azorica (Moui.) Franco

RUTACEAE

Ruta microcarpa Svent.

SANTALACEAE

Kunkeliella canariensis Steara

Kunkeliella psilotoclada (Svent.) Stearn

Kunkeliella subsucculenta Kammer

SAPOTACEAE

Sideroxylon marmulano Banks ex Lowe

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Saxifraga portosanctana Boiss.

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Euphrasia azorica H. C. Watson

Euphrasia grandiflora Hochst.

Isoplexis ehalcantha Svent. & O’Shanahan

Isoplexis isabelliana (Webb & Berthel.) Masferrer

SELAGINACEAE

Globularia ascanii D. Bramwell & Kunkel

Globularia sarcophylla Svent.

SOLANACEAE

Solanum lidii Sunding

UMBELLIFERAE

Ammi trifoliatum (Wats.) Trel.

Bunium brevifolium Lowe

Bupleurum handiense (Bolle) Kunkel

Chaerophylum azoricum Trel.

Monizia edulis Lowe

Ferula latipinna Santos

Sanicula azorica Gunthn. ex Seub.

VIOLACEAE

Viola paradoxa Lowe

BRYOPHYTA

BRYOPSIDA: MUSCI

ECHINODIACEAE

Echinodium spinosum (Mitt.) Jur.

POTTIACEAE

Bryoerythrophyllum machadoanum (Sergio) M. Hill

THAMNIACEAE

Thamnobryum femandesii Sergio

Appendix II. Strictly protected fauna species

[Wijziging(en) op nader te bepalen datum(s); laatste bekendgemaakt in 2018. Zie het overzicht van wijzigingen]

[Wijziging(en) op nader te bepalen datum(s); laatste bekendgemaakt in 2018. Zie het overzicht van wijzigingen]

VERTEBRATES
( Med.) = in the Mediterranean
Mammals
INSECTIVORA
Erinaceidae
*	Atelerix algirus (Erinaceus algirus)
Soricidae
*	Crocidura suaveolens ariadne (Crodidura ariadne)
*	Crocidura russula cypria (Crocidura cypria)
	Crocidura canariensis
Talpidae
	Desmana moschata
	Galemys pyrenaicus (Desmana pyrenaica)
MICROCHIROPTERA
	all species except Pipistrellus pipistrellus
RODENTIA
Sciuridae
	Pteromys volans (Sciuropterus russicus)
	Sciurus anomalus
*	Spermophilus citellus (Citellus citellus)
	Spermophilus suslicus (Citellus suslicus)
Muridae
	Cricetus cricetus
	Mesocricetus newtoni
*	Microtus bavaricus (Pitymys bavaricus)
	Microtus cabrerae
	Microtus tatricus
	Spalax graecus
Gliridae
	Dryomis laniger
	Myomimus roachi (Myomimus bulgaricus)
Zapodidae
	Sicista betulina
	Sicista subtilis
Hystricidae
	Hystrix cristata
CARNIVORA
Canidae
	Alopex lagopus
	Canis lupus
	Cuon alpinus
Ursidae
	all species
Mustelidae
	Gulo gulo
	Mustela eversmannii
	Mustela lutreola (Lutreola lutreola)
	Lutra lutra
	Vormela peregusna
Felidae
	Caracal caracal
	Felis silvestris
	Lynx lynx balcanicus
*	Lynx pardinus (Lynx pardina)
	Panthera pardus
	Panthera tigris
Odobenidae
	Odobenus rosmarus
Phocidae
	Monachus monachus
	Phoca hispida saimensis
	Phoca hispida ladogensis
ARTIODACTYLA
Cervidae
	Cervus elaphus corsicanus
Bovidae
	Capra aegagrus
	Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica
	Gazella subgutturosa
	Gazella dorcas
	Ovibos moschatus
	Rupicapra rupicapra ornata
CETACEA
Monodontidae
	Monodon monoceros
Delphinidae
	Delphinus delphis
	Globicephala macrorhynchus
	Globicephala melas
	Grampus griseus
	Lagenorhynchus acutus
	Lagenorhynchus albirostris
	Orcinus orca
	Pseudorca crassidens
	Steno bredanensis
	Stenella coeruleoalba
	Stenella frontalis
	Tursiops truncatus (tursio)
Phocaenidae
	Phocoena phocoena
Physeteridae
	Kogia breviceps
	Kogia simus (Med.)
	Physeter macrocephalus (Med.)
Ziphiidae
	Hyperoodon rostratus
	Mesoplodon bidens
	Mesoplodon densirostris (Med.)
	Mesoplodon mirus
	Ziphius cavirostris
Balaenopteridae
	Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Med.)
	Balaenoptera borealis (Med.)
	Balaenoptera edeni
	Balaenoptera physalus
	Megaptera novaeangliae (longimana, nodosa)
	Sibbaldus (Balaenoptera) musculus
Balaenidae
	Balaena mysticetus
	Eubalaena glacialis
Birds
GAVIIFORMES
Gaviidae
	all species
PODICIPEDIFORMES
Podicipedidae
	Podiceps auritus
	Podiceps grisegena
	Podiceps nigricollis (caspicus)
	Podiceps ruficollis
PROCELLARIIFORMES
Hydrobatidae
	all species
Procellariidae
	Bulweria bulwerii
	Procellaria diomedea
	Pterodroma madeira
	Pterodroma feae
	Puffinus assimilis baroli
	Puffinus puffinus
	Puffinus yelkouan
PELECANIFORMES
Phalacrocoracidae
	Phalacrocorax aristotelis (Med.)
	Phalocrocorax pygmaeus
Pelecanidae
	all species
CICONIIFORMES
Ardeidae
	Ardea purpurea
	Ardeola ralloides
	Botaurus stellaris
	Bulbucus (Ardeola) ibis
	Casmerodius albus (Egretta alba)
	Egretta garzetta
	Ixobrychus minutus
	Nycticorax nycticorax
Ciconiidae
	all species
Threskiornithidae
	all species
Phoenicopteridae
	Phoenicopterus ruber
ANSERIFORMES
Anatidae
	Anser erythropus
	Branta leucopsis
	Branta ruficollis
	Bucephala islandica
	Cygnus cygnus
	Cygnus bewickii (columbianus)
	Histrionicus histrionicus
	Marmaronetta (Anas) angustirostris
	Mergus albellus
	Oxyura leucocephala
	Polysticta stelleri
	Somateria spectabilis
	Tadorna tadorna
	Tadorna ferruginea
FALCONIFORMES
	all species
GALLIFORMES
Tetraonidae
	Tetrao urogallus cantabricus
GRUIFORMES
Turnicidae
	Turnix sylvatica
Gruidae
	all species
Rallidae
	Crex crex
	Fulica cristata
	Porphyrio porphyrio
	Porzana porzana
	Porzana pusilla
	Porzana parva
Otitidae
	all species
CHARADRIIFORMES
Charadriidae
	Arenaria interpres
	Charadrius alexandrinus
	Charadrius dubius
	Charadrius hiaticula
	Charadrius leschenaulti
	Eudromias morinellus
	Hoplopterus spinosus
Scolopacidae
	Calidris alba
	Calidris alpina
	Calidris ferruginea
	Calidris maritima
	Calidris minuta
	Calidris temminckii
	Gallinago media
	Limicola falcinellus
	Numenius tenuirostris
	Tringa cinerea
	Tringa glareola
	Tringa hypoleucos
	Tringa ochropus
	Tringa stagnatilis
Recurvirostridae
	all species
Phalaropodidae
	all species
Burhinidae
	Burhinus oedicnemus
Glareolidae
	all species
Laridae
	Chlidonias hybrida
	Chlidonias leucopterus
	Chlidonias niger
	Gelochelidon nilotica
	Hydroprogne caspia
	Larus audouinii
	Larus genei
	Larus melanocephalus
	Larus minutus
	Larus (Xenia) sabini
	Pagophila eburnea
	Sterna albifrons
	Sterna dougallii
	Sterna hirundo
	Sterna paradisaea (macrura)
	Sterna sandvicensis
COLUMBIFORMES
Pteroclididae
	all species
Columbidae
	Columba bollii
	Columba junoniae
CUCULIFORMES
Cuculidae
	Clamator glandarius
STRIGIFORMES
	all species
CAPRIMULGIFORMES
Caprimulgidae
	all species
APODIFORMES
Apodidae
	Apus caffer
	Apus melba
	Apus pallidus
	Apus unicolor
CORACIIFORMES
Alcedinidae
	Alcedo atthis
	Ceryle rudis
	Halcyon smyrnensis
Meropidae
	Merops apiaster
Coraciidae
	Coracias garrulus
Upopidae
	Upopa epops
PICIFORMES
	all species
PASSERIFORMES
Alaudidae
	Calandrella brachydactyla
	Calandrella rufescens
	Chersophilus duponti
	Eremophila alpestris
	Galerida theklae
	Melanocorypha bimaculata
	Melanocorypha calandra
	Melanocorypha leucoρtera
	Melanocorypha yeltoniensis
Hirundinidae
	all species
Motacillidae
	all species
Pycnonotidae
	Pycnonotus barbatus
Laniidae
	all species
Bombycillidae
	Bombycilia garrulus
Cinclidae
	Cinclus cinclus
Troglodytidae
	Troglodytes troglodytes
Prunellidae
	all species
	Turdinae
	Cercotrichas galactotes
	Erithacus rubecula
	Irania gutturalis
	Luscinia luscinia
	Luscinia megarhynchos
	Luscinia (Cyanosylvia) svecica
	Monticola saxatilis
	Monticola solitarius
	Oenanthe finischii
	Oenanthe hispanica
	Oenanthe isabellina
	Oenanthe leucura
	Oenanthe oenanthe
	Oenanthe pleschanka (leucomela)
	Phoenicurus ochruros
	Phoenicurus phoenicurus
	Saxicola dacotiae
	Saxicola rubetra
	Saxicola torquata
	Tarsiger cyanurus
	Turdus torquatus
	Sylviinae
	all species
	Regulinae
	all species
	Muscicapinae
	all species
	Tίmaliinae
	Panurus biarmicus
Paridae
	all species
Sittidae
	all species
Certhiidae
	all species
Emberizidae
	Calcarius lapponicus
	Emberiza aureola
	Emberiza caesia
	Emberiza cia
	Emberiza cineracea
	Emberiza cirlus
	Emberiza citrinella
	Emberiza leucocephala
	Emberiza melanocephala
	Emberiza pusilla
	Emberiza rustica
	Emberiza schoeniclus
	Plectrophenax nivalis
Fringillidae
	Carduelis cannabina
	Carduelis carduelis
	Carduelis chloris
	Carduelis flammea
	Carduelis flavirostris
	Carduelis hornemanni
	Carduelis spinus
	Carpodacus erythrinus
	Coccothraustes coccothraustes
	Fringilla teydea
Muscicapidae
	Loxia curvirostra
	Loxia leucoptera
	Loxia pityopsittacus
	Loxia scotica
	Pinicola enucleator
	Rhodopechys githaginea
	Serinus citrinella
	Serinus pusillus
	Serinus serinus
Ploceidae
	Montrifringilla nivalis
	Petronia petronia
Sturnidae
	Sturnus roseus
	Sturnus unicolor
Oriolidae
	Oriolus oriolus
Corvidae
	Cyanopica cyanus
	Nucifraga caryocatactes
	Perisoreus infaustus
	Pyrrhocorax graculus
	Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Reptiles
TESTUDINES
Testudinidae
	Testudo graeca
	Testudo hermanni
	Testudo marginata
Emydidae
Emys orbicularis
*	Mauremys caspica1)
Dermochelyidae
	Dermochelys coriacea
Cheloniidae
	Caretta caretta
	Chelonia mydas
	Eretmochelys imbricata
	Lepidochelys kempii
Trionychidae
	Rafetus euphraticus
	Trionyx triunguis
SAURIA
Gekkonidae
	Cyrtodactylus kotschyi
	Tarentola angustimentalis
	Tarentola boettgeri
	Tarentola delalandii
	Tarentola gomerensis
	Phyllodactylus europaeus
Agamidae
*	Stellio stellio (Agama stellio)
Chamaeleontidae
	Chamaeleo chamaeleon
Lacertidae
	Algyroides fitzingeri
	Algyroides marchi
	Algyroides moreoticus
	Algyroides nigropunctatus
*	Alchaeolacerta bedriagae (Lacerta bedriagae)
*	Alchaeolacerta monticola (Lacerta monticola)
	Gallotia galloti
*	Gallotia simonyi (Lacerta simonyi)
	Gallotia stehlini
	Lacerta agilis
	Lacerta clarkorum
	Lacerta dugesii
	Lacerta graeca
	Lacerta horvathi
	Lacerta lepida
	Lacerta parva
	Lacerta princeps
	Lacerta schreiberi
	Lacerta trilineata
	Lacerta viridis
	Ophisops elegans
	Podarcis erhardii
	Podarcis filfolensis
	Podarcis lilfordi
	Podarcis melisellensis
	Podarcis milensis
	Podarcis muralis
	Podarcis peloponnesiaca
	Podarcis pityusensis
	Podarcis sicula
	Podarcis taurica
	Podarcis tiliguerta
	Podarcis wagleriana
Anguidae
	Ophisaurus apodus
Scincidae
	Ablepharus kitaibelii
	Chalcides bedriagai
	Chalcides ocellatus
	Chalcides sexlineatus
*	Chalcides simonyi (Chalcides occidentalis)
	Chalcides viridianus
	Ophiomorus punctatissimus
OPHIDIA
Colubridae
	Coluber cypriensis
	Coluber gemonensis
	Coluber hippocrepis
*	Coluber jugularis2)
*	Coluber najadum3)
	Coluber viridiflavus
	Coronella austriaca
	Elaphe longissima
	Elaphe quatuorlineata
	Elaphe situla
	Natrix megalocephala
	Natrix tessellata
	Telescopus fallax
Viperidae
	Vipera albizona
	Vipera ammodytes
	Vipera barani
	Vipera kaznakovi
	Vipera latasti
*	Vipera lebetina4)
	Vipera pontica
	Vipera ursinii
	Vipera wagneri
	Vipera xanthina
Amphibians
CAUDATA
Salamandridae
	Chioglossa lusitanica
	Euproctus asper
	Euproctus montanus
	Euproctus platycephalus
*	Mertensiella luschani (Salamandra luschani)
*	Salamandra atra5)
	Salamandrina terdigitata
	Triturus carnifex
	Triturus cristatus
	Triturus dobrogicus
	Triturus italicus
	Triturus karelinii
	Triturus montandoni
Plethodontidae
*	Speleomantes flavus (Hydromantes flavus)
*	Speleomantes genei (Hydromantes genei)
*	Speleomantes imperialis (Hydromantes imperialis)
*	Speleomantes italicus (Hydromantes italicus)
*	Speleomantes supramontis (Hydromantes supramontis)
Proteidae
	Proteus anguinus
ANURA
Discoglossidae
	Alytes cisternasii
	Alytes muletensis
	Alytes obstetricans
	Bombina bombina
	Bombina variegata
	Discoglossus galganoi
	Discoglossus jeanneae
	Discoglossus montalentii
	Discoglossus pictus
	Discoglossus sardus
	Neurergus crocatus
	Neurergus strauchi
Pelobatidae
	Pelobates cultripes
	Pelobates fuscus
	Pelobates syriacus
	Pelodytes caucasicus
Bufonidae
	Bufo calamita
	Bufo viridis
Hylidae
	Hyla arborea
	Hyla meridionalis
	Hyla sarda
Ranidae
	Rana arvalis
	Rana dalmatina
	Rana holtzi
	Rana iberica
	Rana italica
	Rana latastei
Fish
CHONDRICHTHYES
PLEUROTREMATA
Cetorhinidae
	Cetorhinus maximus (Med.)
Lamnidae
	Carcharodon carcharias (Med.)
OSTEICHTHYES
PETROMYZONIFORMES
Petromyzonidae
	Lethenteron zanandrai (Med.)
ACIPENSERIFORMES
Acipenseridae
	Acipenser naccarii
	Acipenser sturio
	Huso huso (Med.)
SALMONIFORMES
Umbridae
	Umbra krameri
CYPRINIFORMES
Cyprinidae
	Pomatoschistus canestrinii (Med.)
	Pomatoschistus tortonesei (Med.)
SYNENTOGNATHI
Belonidae
	Hippocampus hippocampus (Med.)
	Hippocampus ramulosus (Med.)
ATHERINIFORMES
Cyprinodontidae
	Aphanius fasciatus (Med.)
	Aphanius iberus (Med.)
	Valencia hispanica
	Valencia leutourneuxi
PERCIFORMES
Percidae
	Romanichthys valsanicola
	Zingel asper
CHIMAERIFORMES
Chimaeridae
	Mobula mobular (Med.)
INVERTEBRATES
Arthropods
INSECTA
Mantodea
	Apteromantis aptera
Ephemenoptera
	Palingenia longicauda
Odonata
	Aeshna viridis
	Brachythemis fuscopalliata
	Calopteryx syriaca
	Coenagrion freyi
	Coenagrion mercuriale
	Cordulegaster trinacriae
	Gomphus graslinii
	Leucorrhinia albifrons
	Leucorrhinia caudalis
	Leucorrhinia pectoralis
	Lindenia tetraphylla
	Macromia splendens
	Ophiogomphus cecilia
	Oxygastra curtisii
	Stylurus (= Gomphus) flavipes
	Sympecma braueri
Orthoptera
	Baetica ustulata
	Saga pedo
Coleoptera
	Buprestis splendens
	Carabus olympiae
	Cerambyx cerdo
	Cucujus cinnaberinus
	Dytiscus latissimus
	Graphoderus bilineatus
	Osmoderma eremita
	Rosalia alpina
Lepidoptera
	Apatura metis
	Coenonympha hero
	Coenonympha oedippus
	Erebia calcaria
	Erebia christi
	Erebia sudetica
	Eriogaster catax
	Euphydryas (Eurodryas) aurinia
	Fabriciana elisa
	Hyles hippophaes
	Hypodryas maturna
	Lopinga achine
	Lycaena dispar
	Maculinea arion
	Maculinea nausithous
	Maculinea teleius
	Melanargia arge
	Papilio alexanor
	Papilio hospiton
	Parnassius apollo
	Parnassius mnemosyne
	Plebicula golgus
	Polyommatus galloi
	Polyommatus humedasae
	Proserpinus prosperpina
	Zerynthia polyxena
ARACHNIDA
Araneae
	Macrothele calpeiana
CRUSTACEA
Decapoda
	Ocypode cursor (Med.)
	Pachyplasma giganteum (Med.)
Molluscs
GASTROPODA
Dyotocardia
	Gibbula nivosa (Med.)
	Patella ferruginea (Med.)
	Patella nigra (Med.)
Monotocardia
	Charonia rubicunda (= C. lampas = C. nodiferum) (Med.)
	Charonia tritonis (= C. seguenziae) (Med.)
	Dendropoma petraeum (Med.)
	Erosaria spurca (Med.)
	Luria lurida (= Cyproea lurida) (Med.)
	Mitra zonata (Med.)
	Ranella olearia (Med.)
	Schilderia achatidea (Med.)
	Tonna galea (Med.)
	Zonaria pyrum (Med.)
Stylommatophora
	Caseolus calculus
	Caseolus commixta
	Caseolus sphaerula
*	Discus defloratus6)
	Discus guerinianus
	Discula leacockiana
	Discula tabellata
	Discula testudinalis
	Discula turricula
	Elona quimperiana
	Geomalacus maculosus
	Geomitra moniziana
	Helix subplicata
	Leiostyla abbreviata
	Leiostyla cassida
	Leiostyla corneocostata
	Leiostyla gibba
	Leiostyla lamellosa
BIVALVIA
Unionoida
	Margaritifera auricularia
Mytiloida
	Lithophaga lithophaga (Med.)
	Pinna pernula (Med.)
Myoida
	Pholas dactylus (Med.)
Echinoderms
ASTERIDAE
	Asterina pancerii (Med.)
	Ophidiaster ophidianus (Med.)
ECHINIDAE
	Centrostephanus longispinus (Med.)
Cnidarians
HYDROZOA
	Errina aspera (Med.)
ANTHOZOA
	Astroides calycularis (Med.)
	Gerardia savaglia (Med.)
Sponges
PORIFERA
	Aplysina cavernicola (Med.)
	Asbestopluma hypogea (Med.)
	Axinelle polyploïdes (Med.)
	Petrobiona massiliana (Med.)

¹) Mauremys caspica has been divided into two new species:

Mauremys caspica

Mauremys leprosa (Mauremys caspica leprosa)

²) Coluber jugularis has been divided into two new species:

Coluber jugularis

Coluber caspius (Coluber jugularis caspius)

³) Coluber najadum has been divided into two new species:

Coluber najadum

Coluber rubriceps (Coluber najadum rubriceps)

⁴) Vipera lebetina has been divided into two new species:

Vipera lebetina

Vipera schweizeri (Vipera lebetina schweizeri)

⁵) Salamandra atra has been divided into two new species:

Salamandra atra

Salamandra lanzai (Salamandra atra lanzai)

⁶) Discus defloratus: This species is no longer recognised as a taxonomically valid species as it was described from a few specimens, now recognised as belonging to a different species of Discus.

Notes to Appendix

* Asterisks have been written where the name of the species has been changed to a more recent one, but the old name is kept in brackets.

Footnotes have been used to update taxonomically some taxa.

APPENDIX III. Protected fauna species

[Wijziging(en) op nader te bepalen datum(s); laatste bekendgemaakt in 2018. Zie het overzicht van wijzigingen]

[Wijziging(en) op nader te bepalen datum(s); laatste bekendgemaakt in 2018. Zie het overzicht van wijzigingen]

Mammals

INSECTIVORA

Erinaceidae

Erinaceus europaeus

Soricidae

all species

MICROCHIROPTERA

Vespertilionidae

Pipistrellus pipistrellus

DUPLICIDENTATA

Leporidae

Lepus timidus

Lepus capensis (europaeus)

RODENTIA

Sciuridae

Sciurus vulgaris

Marmota marmota

Castoridae

Castor fiber

Gliridae

all species

Microtidae

Microtus ratticeps (oeconomus)

Microtus nivalis (lebrunii)

Microtus cabrerae

CETACEA

all species not mentioned in Appendix II

CARNIVORA

Mustelidae

Meles meles

Mustela erminea

Mustela nivalis

Putorius (Mustela) putorius

Martes martes

Martes foina

Vormela peregusna

Viverridae

all species

Felidae

Falis catus (silvestris)

Lynx lynx

Phocidae

Phoca vitulina

Pusa (Phoca) hispida

Pagophilus groenlandicus (Phoca groenlandica)

Erignathus barbatus

Halichoerus grypus

Cystophora cristata

ARTIODACTYLA

Suidae

Sus scrofa meridionalis

Cervidae

all species

Bovidae

Bison bonasus

Ovis aries (musimon, ammon)

Capra ibex

Capra pyrenaica

Rupicapra rupicapra

Birds

All species not included in Appendix II with the exception of:

Larus marinus

Larus fuscus

Larus argentatus

Columba palumbus

Passer domesticus

Sturnus vulgaris

Garrulus glandarius

Pica pica

Corvus monedula

Corvus frugilegus

Corvus corone (corone and comix)

Reptiles

All species not included in Appendix II

Amphibians

All species not included in Appendix II

Fish

PETROMYZONIFORMES

Petromyzonidae

Eudontomyzon hellenicum

Eudontomyzon mariae

Eudontomyzon vladykovi

Lampetra fluviatilis

Lampetra planeri

Lampetra zanandreai

Petromyzon marinus

ACIPENSERIFORMES

Acipenseridae

Acipenser ruthenus

Acipenser stellatus

Acipenser sturio

Huso huso

CLUPEIFORMES

Clupeidae

Alosa alosa

Alosa fallax

Alosa pontica

SALMONIFORMES

Coregonidae

Coregonus (all species)

Tfiymallidae

Thymallus thymallus

Salmonidae

Hucho hucho Salmo salar (*)

CYPRINIFORMES

Cyprinidae

Abramis ballerus

Abramis sapa

Abramis vimba

Alburnoides bipunctatus

Alburnus albidus

Aspius aspius

Barbus bocagei

Barbus comiza

Barbus meridionalis

Barbus microcephalus

Barbus peloponensis

Barbus plebejus

Barbus sclateri

Barbus steindachneri

Chalcalburnus chalcoides

Chondrostoma genei

Chondrostoma kneri

Chondrostoma lemingi

Chondrostoma lusitanicum

Chondrostoma nasus

Chondrostoma phoxinus

Chondrostoma polylepis

Chondrostoma soetta

Chondrostoma toxostoma

Chondrostoma willkommi

Gobio albipinnatus

Gobio kessleri

Gobio uranoscopus

Leucaspius delineatus

Leucaspius stymphalicus

Leuciscus illyricus

Leuciscus lucumotis

Leuciscus microlepis

Leuciscus polylepis

Leuciscus pyrenaicus

Leuciscus soufia

Leuciscus svallize

Leuciscus turskyi

Leuciscus ukliva

Pachychilon pictum

Pelecus cultratus

Phoxinellus adspersus

Phoxinellus hispanicus

Pseudophoxinus marathonicus

Pseudophoxinus stymphalicus

Rhodeus sericeus

Rutilus albumoides

Rutilus arcasii

Rutilus frissii

Rutilus graecus

Rutilus lemmingii

Rutilus macedonicus

Rutilus macrolepidotus

Rutilus pigus

Rutilus racovitzai

Rutilus rubilio

Cobitidae

Cobitis elongata

Cobitis hassi

Cobitis larvata

Cobitis paludicola

Cobitis taenia

Cobitis trichonica

Misgurnis fossilis

Sabanejewia aurata

Subanejewia calderoni

SILURIFORMES

Siluridae

Siluris aristotelis

Siluris glanis

ATHERINIFORMES

Cyprinodontidae

Aphanius fasciatus

Aphanius iberus

GASTEROSTEIFORMES

Syngnathidae

Syngnathus abaster

Syngnathus nigrolineatus

Gasterosteidae

Pungitius hellenicus

Puntitius platygaster

SCORPAENIFORMES

Cottidae

Cottus poecilopus

Myoxocephalus quadricornis

PERCIFORMES

Percidae

Gymnocephalus baloni

Gymnocephalus schraetzer

Stizostedion volgense

Zingel zingel

Zingel streber

Blenniidae

Blennius fluviatilis

Gobiidae

Gobius fluviatilis

Gobius kessleri

Gobius nigricans

Gobius ophiocephalus

Gobius syrman

Gobius thressalus

Padogobius panizzai

Padogobius martensi

Pomatoschistus canestrini

Pomatoschistus microps

Pomatoschistus minutus

Proterorhinus marmoratus

Serranidae

Epinephelus marginatus (in Mediterranean)

Sciaenidae

Sciæna umbra (in Mediterranean)

Umbrina cirrosa (in Mediterranean)

PLEUROTREMATA

Lamnidae

Isurus oxyrinchus (in Mediterranean)

Lamna nasus (in Mediterranean)

Carcharhinidae

Prionace glauca (in Mediterranean)

Squatinidae

Squatina squatina (in Mediterranean)

HYPOTREMATA

Rajidae

Raja alba (in Mediterranean)

CHIMAERIFORMES Chimaeridae Mobula mobular (in Mediterranean)

INVERTEBRATES

Arthropods

INSECTA

Coleoptera

Lucanus cervus

Lepidoptera

Graellsia isabellae

CRUSTACEA

Decapoda

Astacus astacus

Austropotamobius pallipes

Austropotamobius torrentium

Homarus gammarus (in Mediterranean)

Maja squinado (in Mediterranean)

Palinurus elephas (in Mediterranean)

Scyllarides latus (in Mediterranean)

Scyllarides pigmaeus (in Mediterranean)

Scyllarus arctus (in Mediterranean)

Molluscs

GASTROPODA

Stylommatophora

Helix pomatia

BIVALVIA

Unionoida

Margaritifera margaritifera

Unio elongatulus

Microcondylaea compressa

Annelids

HIRUDINEA

Arhynchobdellae

Hirudo medicinalis

Sponges

PORIFERA

Hippospongia communis (in Mediterranean)

Spongia agaricina (in Mediterranean)

Spongia officinalis (in Mediterranean)

Spongia zimocca (in Mediterranean)

Cnidarians

HEXACORALLIA

Antipathes sp. plur. (in Mediterranean)

ALCIONARIA

Corallium rubrun (in Mediterranean)

Echinoderms

ECHINOIDEA

Paracentrotus lividus (in Mediterranean)

(*) The provisions for this appendix shall not apply to salmon in sea waters.

APPENDIX IV. Prohibited means and methods of killing, capture and other forms of exploitation

[Wijziging(en) op nader te bepalen datum(s); laatste bekendgemaakt in 2018. Zie het overzicht van wijzigingen]

[Wijziging(en) op nader te bepalen datum(s); laatste bekendgemaakt in 2018. Zie het overzicht van wijzigingen]

FRESHWATER FISH

Explosives

Firearms

Poisons

Anaesthetics

Electricity with alternating current

Artificial light sources

CRAYFISH (Decapoda)

Explosives

Poisons

Vertaling : NL

Verdrag inzake het behoud van wilde dieren en planten en hun natuurlijk leefmilieu in Europa

Preambule

De Lid-Staten van de Raad van Europa en de andere ondertekenaars van dit Verdrag,

Overwegende dat het doel van de Raad van Europa is het tot stand brengen van een grotere eenheid tussen zijn leden;

Overwegende dat het de wil van de Raad van Europa is samen te werken met andere Staten op het gebied van het behoud van de natuur;

Erkennende dat de in het wild voorkomende dier- en plantesoorten een natuurlijk erfgoed vormen van esthetische, wetenschappelijke, culturele, recreatieve, economische en intrinsieke waarde, en dat het van belang is dit natuurlijke erfgoed te beschermen en door te geven aan de komende generaties;

Erkennende de essentiële rol van de in het wild voorkomende dieren plantesoorten bij de instandhouding van het biologisch evenwicht;

Vaststellende dat tal van in het wild voorkomende dier- en plantesoorten steeds minder voorkomen en dat sommige hiervan met uitsterven worden bedreigd;

Zich ervan bewust dat het in stand houden van de natuurlijke leefmilieus een van de wezenlijke bestanddelen is van de bescherming en het behoud van de in het wild voorkomende dier- en plantesoorten;

Erkennende dat met de instandhouding van de in het wild voorkomende dier- en plantesoorten rekening dient te worden gehouden door de Regeringen bij hun nationale doelstellingen en programma’s en dat een vorm van internationale samenwerking tot stand dient te worden gebracht in het bijzonder om de trekkende diersoorten te behouden;

Zich bewust zijnde van de vele verzoeken om gemeenschappelijk optreden van Regeringen of internationale instanties, met name de verzoeken van de Conferentie van de Verenigde Naties over het leefmilieu van 1972 en van de Raadgevende Vergadering van de Raad van Europa;

Verlangende in het bijzonder om, op het gebied van de instandhouding van het leven in het wild, de aanbevelingen op te volgen die zijn vervat in Resolutie nr. 2 van de Tweede Europese Ministers Conferentie inzake het Leefmilieu,

Zijn overeengekomen als volgt:

HOOFDSTUK I. Algemene bepalingen

Artikel 1

• 1 Dit Verdrag heeft ten doel te zorgen voor de instandhouding van de in het wild voorkomende dier- en plantesoorten en de daarbij behorende natuurlijke leefmilieus, met name die soorten en die leefmilieus voor de instandhouding waarvan de samenwerking van verschillende Staten is vereist, en een zodanige samenwerking te bevorderen.

• 2 Bijzondere aandacht wordt besteed aan die soorten, met inbegrip van de trekkende soorten, die met uitsterven worden bedreigd en die kwetsbaar zijn.

Artikel 2

De Verdragsluitende Partijen nemen de nodige maatregelen om de populaties van in het wild voorkomende dier- en plantesoorten te handhaven of te brengen op een niveau dat met name overeenkomt met hetgeen vanuit ecologisch, wetenschappelijk en cultureel standpunt is vereist, daarbij rekening houdend met de vereisten op economisch en recreatief gebied en met de behoeften van ondersoorten, variëteiten of vormen die plaatselijk worden bedreigd.

Artikel 3

• 1 Iedere Verdragsluitende Partij neemt de nodige maatregelen ter bevordering van een nationaal beleid voor de instandhouding van de in het wild voorkomende dier- en plantesoorten en de natuurlijke leefmilieus, waarbij bijzondere aandacht wordt besteed aan die soorten die met uitsterven worden bedreigd en die kwetsbaar zijn, vooral aan endemische soorten, en aan bedreigde leefmilieus, in overeenstemming met de bepalingen van dit Verdrag.

• 2 Iedere Verdragsluitende Partij verbindt zich ertoe om bij haar beleid op het gebied van ruimtelijke ordeningen ontwikkeling en bij haar maatregelen tegen verontreiniging, rekening te houden met de instandhouding van de in het wild voorkomende dier- en plantesoorten.

• 3 Iedere Verdragsluitende Partij bevordert de voorlichting en de verspreiding van algemene informatie betreffende de noodzaak tot het instandhouden van de in het wild voorkomende dier- en plantesoorten alsmede de daarbij behorende leefmilieus.

HOOFDSTUK II. Bescherming van de leefmilieus

Artikel 4

• 1 Iedere Verdragsluitende Partij neemt passende en noodzakelijke maatregelen in de vorm van wetten en voorschriften om de leefmilieus van de in het wild voorkomende dier- en plantesoorten te beschermen, in het bijzonder van de soorten, genoemd in de bijlagen I en II, en om de bedreigde natuurlijke leefmilieus in stand te houden.

• 2 De Verdragsluitende Partijen houden bij hun beleid op het gebied van de ruimtelijke ordening en ontwikkeling, rekening met de behoeften van de instandhouding van de in het vorige lid bedoelde beschermde gebieden ten einde iedere achteruitgang van deze gebieden zo veel mogelijk te vermijden of te verminderen.

• 3 De Verdragsluitende Partijen verbinden zich ertoe bijzondere aandacht te besteden aan de bescherming van de gebieden die van belang zijn voor de in de bijlagen II en III genoemde trekkende soorten en die gunstig liggen ten opzichte van de trekroutes, zoals overwinterings-, rust-, voeder-, broed- of ruiplaatsen.

• 4 De Verdragsluitende Partijen verbinden zich ertoe hun inspanningen ter bescherming van de in dit artikel bedoelde natuurlijke leefmilieus voor zover nodig te coördineren wanneer deze zijn gelegen in gebieden die zich over de landgrenzen uitstrekken.

HOOFDSTUK III. Instandhouding van de soorten

Artikel 5

Iedere Verdragsluitende Partij neemt passende en noodzakelijke maatregelen in de vorm van wetten en voorschriften om te zorgen voor bijzondere bescherming van de in het wild voorkomende plantesoorten, genoemd in bijlage I. Het opzettelijk plukken, verzamelen, afsnijden of ontwortelen van bedoelde planten is verboden. Iedere Verdragsluitende Partij verbiedt voor zover nodig het in het bezit hebben of de verkoop van deze soorten.

Artikel 6

Iedere Verdragsluitende Partij neemt passende en noodzakelijke maatregelen in de vorm van wetten en voorschriften om te zorgen voor bijzondere bescherming van de in het wild voorkomende diersoorten, genoemd in Bijlage II. Waar het deze soorten betreft, is met name verboden:

• a. iedere vorm van opzettelijk vangen, in bezit houden en opzettelijk doden;

• b. het opzettelijk aantasten of vernielen van broed- of rustplaatsen;

• c. het opzettelijk verstoren van de in het wild voorkomende diersoorten, met name gedurende de broedperiode, de periode waarin de jongen afhankelijk zijn, en de overwinteringsperiode, voor zover hiermee duidelijk wordt ingegaan tegen de doelstellingen van dit Verdrag;

• d. het opzettelijk vernielen of rapen van eieren in de natuur of het in het bezit houden van eieren, zelfs wanneer deze leeg zijn;

• e. het houden en het binnenslands verhandelen van deze dieren, hetzij levend hetzij dood, met inbegrip van opgezette dieren, en van ieder gemakkelijk te herkennen deel of produkt van deze dieren, voor zover zulks bijdraagt tot de doeltreffendheid van de bepalingen van dit artikel.

Artikel 7

• 1 Iedere Verdragsluitende Partij neemt passende en noodzakelijke maatregelen in de vorm van wetten en voorschriften ter bescherming van de in het wild voorkomende diersoorten, genoemd in bijlage III.

• 2 Voor iedere exploitatie van de in het wild voorkomende diersoorten, genoemd in bijlage III, worden voorschriften vastgesteld ten einde deze populaties niet in gevaar te brengen, rekening houdend met het bepaalde in artikel 2.

• 3 Deze maatregelen omvatten met name:

  • a. het instellen van gesloten seizoenen en/of het treffen van andere maatregelen waarbij de exploitatie wordt geregeld;

  • b. het instellen van een tijdelijk of plaatselijk verbod van exploitatie, indien daartoe aanleiding bestaat, ten einde de bestaande populaties in staat te stellen weer op peil te komen;

  • c. het uitvaardigen van voorschriften, indien daartoe aanleiding bestaat, voor het verkopen het houden, of vervoeren met het oog op verkoop, of het ten verkoop aanbieden van wilde dieren, hetzij levend hetzij dood.

Artikel 8

Wat betreft het vangen of het doden van de in het wild voorkomende diersoorten, genoemd in bijlage III, en in de gevallen waarin afwijkingen overeenkomstig artikel 9 zijn toegestaan ten aanzien van de soorten, genoemd in bijlage II, verbieden de Verdragsluitende Partijen het gebruik van alle niet-selectieve middelen voor het vangen en het doden alsmede van de middelen die plaatselijk de verdwijning ten gevolge kunnen hebben of de rust ernstig kunnen verstoren van de populaties van een soort, in het bijzonder de middelen, genoemd in bijlage IV.

Artikel 9

• 1 Iedere Verdragsluitende Partij mag afwijken van het bepaalde in de artikelen 4, 5, 6 en 7 alsmede van het verbod tot het gebruik van de middelen bedoeld in artikel 8, mits er geen andere bevredigende oplossing bestaat en de afwijkingen geen aantasting met zich brengen van het voortbestaan van de desbetreffende populatie:

  • - ter bescherming van de flora en fauna;

  • - ter voorkoming van belangrijke schade aan gewassen, veestapel, bossen, visgronden, wateren en andere vormen van bezit;

  • - in het belang van de volksgezondheid en de openbare veiligheid, de veiligheid in de lucht of andere openbare belangen van essentiële aard;

  • - ten behoeve van onderzoek en onderwijs, repopulatie, het opnieuw uitzetten van exemplaren alsmede voor noodzakelijk telen, kweken en fokken;

  • - ten einde het onder streng gecontroleerde omstandigheden mogelijk te maken op selectieve wijze en in beperkte mate bepaalde wilde dieren en planten in kleine hoeveelheden te verzamelen, te houden of op iedere andere verantwoorde wijze te exploiteren.

• 2 De Verdragsluitende Partijen leggen iedere twee jaar aan de Permanente Commissie een verslag voor over de afwijkingen krachtens het vorige lid. In deze verslagen moeten worden vermeld:

  • - de populaties die vallen onder of die hebben gevallen onder de afwijkingen en, zo mogelijk, het aantal betrokken exemplaren;

  • - de toegestane middelen voor het doden of het vangen;

  • - de omstandigheden, wat betreft risico, tijd en plaats, waaronder tot deze afwijkingen is besloten;

  • - de autoriteit die bevoegd is te verklaren dat aan deze omstandigheden is voldaan en bevoegd is besluiten te nemen omtrent de middelen die mogen worden aangewend, en binnen welke grenzen, alsmede omtrent de personen, belast met de uitvoering;

  • - de uitgevoerde controle.

HOOFDSTUK IV. Bijzondere bepalingen betreffende trekkende soorten

Artikel 10

• 1 Naast de maatregelen aangeduid in de artikelen 4, 6, 7 en 8, verbinden de Verdragsluitende Partijen zich ertoe hun inspanningen te coördineren voor de instandhouding van de trekkende soorten, genoemd in de bijlagen II en III, waarvan het verspreidingsgebied zich uitstrekt over hun grondgebied.

• 2 De Verdragsluitende Partijen nemen maatregelen ten einde ervoor te zorgen dat de gesloten seizoenen en/of andere maatregelen waarbij de exploitatie wordt geregeld, ingesteld krachtens het derde lid, letter a, van artikel 7, goed overeenkomen met de behoeften van de trekkende soorten, genoemd in bijlage III.

HOOFDSTUK V. Aanvullende bepalingen

Artikel 11

• 1 Bij de uitvoering van de bepalingen van dit Verdrag verbinden de Verdragsluitende Partijen zich ertoe:

  • a. samen te werken telkens wanneer dit wenselijk is en met name wanneer deze samenwerking de doeltreffendheid zou kunnen verhogen van de maatregelen, genomen krachtens de andere artikelen van dit Verdrag;

  • b. de onderzoekswerkzaamheden die verband houden met de doelstellingen van dit Verdrag, te stimuleren en te coördineren.

• 2 Iedere Verdragsluitende Partij verbindt zich ertoe:

  • a. te bevorderen dat in het wild voorkomende inheemse dier- en plantesoorten opnieuw worden uitgezet, wanneer deze maatregel zal bijdragen tot de instandhouding van een soort die met uitsterven wordt bedreigd, mits eerst, rekening houdend met de ervaringen van de andere Verdragsluitende Partijen, wordt bestudeerd of een zodanige maatregel doeltreffend en aanvaardbaar is;

  • b. het uitzetten van niet-inheemse soorten aan strenge controle te onderwerpen.

• 3 Iedere Verdragsluitende Partij deelt aan de Permanente Commissie mede welke soorten op haar grondgebied totale bescherming genieten en niet voorkomen in de bijlagen I en II.

Artikel 12

De Verdragsluitende Partijen kunnen voor de instandhouding van de in het wild voorkomende dier- en plantesoorten alsmede van de daarbij behorende natuurlijke leefmilieus, strengere maatregelen nemen dan die waarin dit Verdrag voorziet.

HOOFDSTUK VI. Permanente Commissie

Artikel 13