5. If in a given year a Party finds that, due to a particularly cold winter, a particularly
dry summer or unforeseen variations in economic activities, such as a loss of capacity
in the power supply system domestically or in a neighbouring country, it cannot comply
with its emission reduction commitments, it may fulfil those commitments by averaging
its national annual emissions for the year in question, the year preceding that year
and the year following it, provided that this average does not exceed its commitment.
Table 1 Emission ceilings for 2010 up to 2020 for Parties that ratified the present
Protocol prior to 2010 (expressed in thousands of tonnes per year)
Party
|
Ratification
|
SO2
|
NOx
|
NH3
|
VOCs
|
1
|
Belgium
|
2007
|
106
|
181
|
74
|
144
|
2
|
Bulgaria
|
2005
|
856
|
266
|
108
|
185
|
3
|
Croatia
|
2008
|
70
|
87
|
30
|
90
|
4
|
Cyprus
|
2007
|
39
|
23
|
9
|
14
|
5
|
Czech Republic
|
2004
|
283
|
286
|
101
|
220
|
6
|
Denmark
|
2002
|
55
|
127
|
69
|
85
|
7
|
Finland
|
2003
|
116
|
170
|
31
|
130
|
8
|
France
|
2007
|
400
|
860
|
780
|
1,100
|
9
|
Germany
|
2004
|
550
|
1,081
|
550
|
995
|
10
|
Hungary
|
2006
|
550
|
198
|
90
|
137
|
11
|
Latvia
|
2004
|
107
|
84
|
44
|
136
|
12
|
Lithuania
|
2004
|
145
|
110
|
84
|
92
|
13
|
Luxembourg
|
2001
|
4
|
11
|
7
|
9
|
14
|
Netherlands
|
2004
|
50
|
266
|
128
|
191
|
15
|
Norway
|
2002
|
22
|
156
|
23
|
195
|
16
|
Portugal
|
2005
|
170
|
260
|
108
|
202
|
17
|
Romania
|
2003
|
918
|
437
|
210
|
523
|
18
|
Slovakia
|
2005
|
110
|
130
|
39
|
140
|
19
|
Slovenia
|
2004
|
27
|
45
|
20
|
40
|
20
|
Spain1)
|
2005
|
774
|
847
|
353
|
669
|
21
|
Sweden
|
2002
|
67
|
148
|
57
|
241
|
22
|
Switzerland
|
2005
|
26
|
79
|
63
|
144
|
23
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
2005
|
625
|
1,181
|
297
|
1,200
|
24
|
United States of America
|
2004
|
2)
|
3)
|
|
4)
|
25
|
European Union
|
2003
|
7,832
|
8,180
|
4,294
|
7,585
|
1) Figures apply to the European part of the country.
2) Upon acceptance of the present Protocol in 2004, the United States of America provided
an indicative target for 2010 of 16,013,000 tons for total sulphur emissions from
the PEMA identified for sulphur, the 48 contiguous United States and the District
of Columbia. This figure converts to 14,527,000 tonnes.
3) Upon acceptance of the present Protocol in 2004, the United States of America provided
an indicative target for 2010 of 6,897,000 tons for total NOx emissions from the PEMA identified for NOx, Connecticut, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine,
Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. This figure converts to 6,257,000
tonnes.
4) Upon acceptance of the present Protocol in 2004, the United States of America provided
an indicative target for 2010 of 4,972,000 tons for total VOC emissions from the PEMA
identified for VOCs, Connecticut, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana,
Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. This
figure converts to 4,511,000 tonnes.
Table 2 Emission reduction commitments for sulphur dioxide for 2020 and beyond
Convention Party
|
Emission levels 2005 in thousands of tonnes of SO2
|
Reduction from 2005 level (%)
|
1
|
Austria
|
27
|
26
|
2
|
Belarus
|
79
|
20
|
3
|
Belgium
|
145
|
43
|
4
|
Bulgaria
|
777
|
78
|
5
|
Canada1)
|
|
|
6
|
Croatia
|
63
|
55
|
7
|
Cyprus
|
38
|
83
|
8
|
Czech Republic
|
219
|
45
|
9
|
Denmark
|
23
|
35
|
10
|
Estonia
|
76
|
32
|
11
|
Finland
|
69
|
30
|
12
|
France
|
467
|
55
|
13
|
Germany
|
517
|
21
|
14
|
Greece
|
542
|
74
|
15
|
Hungary
|
129
|
46
|
16
|
Ireland
|
71
|
65
|
17
|
Italy
|
403
|
35
|
18
|
Latvia
|
6.7
|
8
|
19
|
Lithuania
|
44
|
55
|
20
|
Luxembourg
|
2.5
|
34
|
21
|
Malta
|
11
|
77
|
22
|
Netherlands2)
|
65
|
28
|
23
|
Norway
|
24
|
10
|
24
|
Poland
|
1.224
|
59
|
25
|
Portugal
|
177
|
63
|
26
|
Romania
|
643
|
77
|
27
|
Slovakia
|
89
|
57
|
28
|
Slovenia
|
40
|
63
|
29
|
Spain2)
|
1,282
|
67
|
30
|
Sweden
|
36
|
22
|
31
|
Switzerland
|
17
|
21
|
32
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
706
|
59
|
33
|
United States of America3)
|
|
|
34
|
European Union
|
7,828
|
59
|
1) Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to the present Protocol,
Canada shall provide: (a) a value for total estimated sulphur emission levels for
2005, either national or for its PEMA, if it has submitted one; and (b) an indicative
value for a reduction of total sulphur emission levels for 2020 from 2005 levels,
either at the national level or for its PEMA. Item (a) will be included in the table,
and item (b) will be included in a footnote to the table. The PEMA, if submitted,
will be offered as an adjustment to annex III to the Protocol.
2) Figures apply to the European part of the country.
3) Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to the amendment adding
this table to the present Protocol, the United States of America shall provide: (a)
a value for total estimated sulphur emission levels for 2005, either national or for
a PEMA; (b) an indicative value for a reduction of total sulphur emission levels for
2020 from identified 2005 levels; and (c) any changes to the PEMA identified when
the United States became a Party to the Protocol. Item (a) will be included in the
table, item (b) will be included in a footnote to the table, and item (c) will be
offered as an adjustment to annex III.
Table 3 Emission reduction commitments for nitrogen oxides for 2020 and beyond1)
Convention Party
|
Emission levels 2005 in thousands of tonnes of NO2
|
Reduction from 2005 level (%)
|
1
|
Austria
|
231
|
37
|
2
|
Belarus
|
171
|
25
|
3
|
Belgium
|
291
|
41
|
4
|
Bulgaria
|
154
|
41
|
5
|
Canada2)
|
|
|
6
|
Croatia
|
81
|
31
|
7
|
Cyprus
|
21
|
44
|
8
|
Czech Republic
|
286
|
35
|
9
|
Denmark
|
181
|
56
|
10
|
Estonia
|
36
|
18
|
11
|
Finland
|
177
|
35
|
12
|
France
|
1,430
|
50
|
13
|
Germany
|
1,464
|
39
|
14
|
Greece
|
419
|
31
|
15
|
Hungary
|
203
|
34
|
16
|
Ireland
|
127
|
49
|
17
|
Italy
|
1,212
|
40
|
18
|
Latvia
|
37
|
32
|
19
|
Lithuania
|
58
|
48
|
20
|
Luxembourg
|
19
|
43
|
21
|
Malta
|
9.3
|
42
|
22
|
Netherlands3)
|
370
|
45
|
23
|
Norway
|
200
|
23
|
24
|
Poland
|
866
|
30
|
25
|
Portugal
|
256
|
36
|
26
|
Romania
|
309
|
45
|
27
|
Slovakia
|
102
|
36
|
28
|
Slovenia
|
47
|
39
|
29
|
Spain3)
|
1,292
|
41
|
30
|
Sweden
|
174
|
36
|
31
|
Switzerland4)
|
94
|
41
|
32
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
1,580
|
55
|
33
|
United States of America5)
|
|
|
34
|
European Union
|
11,354
|
42
|
1) Emissions from soils are not included in the 2005 estimates for EU member States.
2) Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to the present Protocol,
Canada shall provide: (a) a value for total estimated nitrogen oxide emission levels
for 2005, either national or for its PEMA, if it has submitted one; and (b) an indicative
value for a reduction of total nitrogen oxide emission levels for 2020 from 2005 levels,
either at the national level or for its PEMA. Item (a) will be included in the table,
and item (b) will be included in a footnote to the table. The PEMA, if submitted,
will be offered as an adjustment to annex III to the Protocol.
3) Figures apply to the European part of the country.
4) Including emissions from crop production and agricultural soils (NFR 4D).
5) Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to the amendment adding
this table to the present Protocol, the United States of America shall provide: (a)
a value for total estimated nitrogen oxides emission levels for 2005, either national
or for a PEMA; (b) an indicative value for a reduction of total nitrogen oxides emission
levels for 2020 from identified 2005 levels; and (c) any changes to the PEMA identified
when the United States became a Party to the Protocol. Item (a) will be included in
the table, item (b) will be included in a footnote to the table, and item (c) will
be offered as an adjustment to annex III.
Table 4 Emission reduction commitments for ammonia for 2020 and beyond
Convention Party
|
Emission levels 2005 in thousands of tonnes of NH3
|
Reduction from 2005 level (%)
|
1
|
Austria
|
63
|
1
|
2
|
Belarus
|
136
|
7
|
3
|
Belgium
|
71
|
2
|
4
|
Bulgaria
|
60
|
3
|
5
|
Croatia
|
40
|
1
|
6
|
Cyprus
|
5.8
|
10
|
7
|
Czech Republic
|
82
|
7
|
8
|
Denmark
|
83
|
24
|
9
|
Estonia
|
9.8
|
1
|
10
|
Finland
|
39
|
20
|
11
|
France
|
661
|
4
|
12
|
Germany
|
573
|
5
|
13
|
Greece
|
68
|
7
|
14
|
Hungary
|
80
|
10
|
15
|
Ireland
|
109
|
1
|
16
|
Italy
|
416
|
5
|
17
|
Latvia
|
16
|
1
|
18
|
Lithuania
|
39
|
10
|
19
|
Luxembourg
|
5.0
|
1
|
20
|
Malta
|
1.6
|
4
|
21
|
Netherlands1)
|
141
|
13
|
22
|
Norway
|
23
|
8
|
23
|
Poland
|
270
|
1
|
24
|
Portugal
|
50
|
7
|
25
|
Romania
|
199
|
13
|
26
|
Slovakia
|
29
|
15
|
27
|
Slovenia
|
18
|
1
|
28
|
Spain1)
|
365
|
3
|
29
|
Sweden
|
55
|
15
|
30
|
Switzerland
|
64
|
8
|
31
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
307
|
8
|
32
|
European Union
|
3,813
|
6
|
1) Figures apply to the European part of the country.
Table 5 Emission reduction commitments for Volatile Organic Compounds for 2020 and
beyond
Convention Party
|
Emission levels 2005 in thousands of tonnes of VOC
|
Reduction from 2005 level (%)
|
1
|
Austria
|
162
|
21
|
2
|
Belarus
|
349
|
15
|
3
|
Belgium
|
143
|
21
|
4
|
Bulgaria
|
158
|
21
|
5
|
Canada1)
|
|
|
6
|
Croatia
|
101
|
34
|
7
|
Cyprus
|
14
|
45
|
8
|
Czech Republic
|
182
|
18
|
9
|
Denmark
|
110
|
35
|
10
|
Estonia
|
41
|
10
|
11
|
Finland
|
131
|
35
|
12
|
France
|
1,232
|
43
|
13
|
Germany
|
1,143
|
13
|
14
|
Greece
|
222
|
54
|
15
|
Hungary
|
177
|
30
|
16
|
Ireland
|
57
|
25
|
17
|
Italy
|
1,286
|
35
|
18
|
Latvia
|
73
|
27
|
19
|
Lithuania
|
84
|
32
|
20
|
Luxembourg
|
9.8
|
29
|
21
|
Malta
|
3.3
|
23
|
22
|
Netherlands2)
|
182
|
8
|
23
|
Norway
|
218
|
40
|
24
|
Poland
|
593
|
25
|
25
|
Portugal
|
207
|
18
|
26
|
Romania
|
425
|
25
|
27
|
Slovakia
|
73
|
18
|
28
|
Slovenia
|
37
|
23
|
29
|
Spain2)
|
809
|
22
|
30
|
Sweden
|
197
|
25
|
31
|
Switzerland3)
|
103
|
30
|
32
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
1,088
|
32
|
33
|
United States of America4)
|
|
|
34
|
European Union
|
8,842
|
28
|
1) Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to the present Protocol,
Canada shall provide: (a) a value for total estimated VOC emission levels for 2005,
either national or for its PEMA, if it has submitted one; and (b) an indicative value
for a reduction of total VOC emission levels for 2020 from 2005 levels, either at
the national level or for its PEMA. Item (a) will be included in the table, and item
(b) will be included in a footnote to the table. The PEMA, if submitted, will be offered
as an adjustment to annex III to the Protocol.
2) Figures apply to the European part of the country.
3) Including emissions from crop production and agricultural soils (NFR 4D).
4) Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to the amendment adding
this table to the present Protocol, the United States of America shall provide: (a)
a value for total estimated VOC emission levels for 2005, either national or for a
PEMA; (b) an indicative value for a reduction of total VOC emission levels for 2020
from identified 2005 levels; and (c) any changes to the PEMA identified when the United
States became a Party to the Protocol. Item (a) will be included in the table, item
(b) will be included in a footnote to the table, and item (c) will be offered as an
adjustment to annex III.
Table 6 Emission reduction commitments for PM2.5 for 2020 and beyond
Convention Party
|
Emission levels 2005 in thousands of tonnes of PM2.5
|
Reduction from 2005 level (%)
|
1
|
Austria
|
22
|
20
|
2
|
Belarus
|
46
|
10
|
3
|
Belgium
|
24
|
20
|
4
|
Bulgaria
|
44
|
20
|
5
|
Canada1)
|
|
|
6
|
Croatia
|
13
|
18
|
7
|
Cyprus
|
2.9
|
46
|
8
|
Czech Republic
|
22
|
17
|
9
|
Denmark
|
25
|
33
|
10
|
Estonia
|
20
|
15
|
11
|
Finland
|
36
|
30
|
12
|
France
|
304
|
27
|
13
|
Germany
|
121
|
26
|
14
|
Greece
|
56
|
35
|
15
|
Hungary
|
31
|
13
|
16
|
Ireland
|
11
|
18
|
17
|
Italy
|
166
|
10
|
18
|
Latvia
|
27
|
16
|
19
|
Lithuania
|
8.7
|
20
|
20
|
Luxembourg
|
3.1
|
15
|
21
|
Malta
|
1.3
|
25
|
22
|
Netherlands2)
|
21
|
37
|
23
|
Norway
|
52
|
30
|
24
|
Poland
|
133
|
16
|
25
|
Portugal
|
65
|
15
|
26
|
Romania
|
106
|
28
|
27
|
Slovakia
|
37
|
36
|
28
|
Slovenia
|
14
|
25
|
29
|
Spain2)
|
93
|
15
|
30
|
Sweden
|
29
|
19
|
31
|
Switzerland
|
11
|
26
|
32
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
81
|
30
|
33
|
United States of America3)
|
|
|
34
|
European Union
|
1,504
|
22
|
1) Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to the present Protocol,
Canada shall provide: (a) a value for total estimated PM emission levels for 2005,
either national or for its PEMA, if it has submitted one; and (b) an indicative value
for a reduction of total emission levels of PM for 2020 from 2005 levels, either at
the national level or for its PEMA.
Item (a) will be included in the table, and item (b) will be included in a footnote
to the table.
The PEMA, if submitted, will be offered as an adjustment to annex III to the Protocol.
2) Figures apply to the European part of the country.
3) Upon ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to the amendment adding
this table to the present Protocol, the United States of America shall provide: (a)
a value for total estimated PM2.5 emission levels for 2005, either national or for a PEMA; and (b) an indicative value
for a reduction of total PM2.5 emission levels for 2020 from identified 2005 levels. Item (a) will be included in
the table and item (b) will be included in a footnote to the table.