Family ANATIDAE (ducks, geese, swans)
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Dendrocygna viduata (White-faced Whistling-duck)
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– West Africa (Senegal to Chad)
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(2e)
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– Eastern & Southern Africa
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1
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Dendrocygna bicolor (Fulvous Whistling-duck)
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– West Africa (Senegal to Chad)
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(1)
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– Eastern & Southern Africa
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(1)
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Thalassornis leuconotus leuconotus (White-backed Duck)
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– West Africa
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1c
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– Eastern & Southern Africa
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2*
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Oxyura maccoa (Maccoa Duck)
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– Ethiopian highlands
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1b 1c
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– Eastern Africa
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1b 1c
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– Southern Africa
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1b 1c
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Oxyura leucocephala (White-headed Duck)
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– West Mediterranean (Spain & Morocco)
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1a 1b 1c
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– Algeria & Tunisia
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1a 1b 1c
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– East Mediterranean, Türkiye & South-west Asia
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1a 1b 2
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Cygnus olor (Mute Swan)
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– North-west Mainland & Central Europe
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1
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– Black Sea
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1
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– West & Central Asia/Caspian
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1
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Cygnus cygnus (Whooper Swan)
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– Iceland/UK & Ireland
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1
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– North-west Mainland Europe
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1
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– N Europe & W Siberia/Black Sea & E Mediterranean
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2
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– West & Central Siberia/Caspian
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2
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Cygnus columbianus bewickii (Tundra Swan, Bewick’s Swan)
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– Western Siberia & NE Europe/North-west Europe
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2
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– Northern Siberia/Caspian
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1c
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Branta bernicla bernicla (Brent Goose, Dark-bellied Brent Goose)
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– Western Siberia/Western Europe
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2b
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Branta bernicla hrota (Brent Goose, Pale-bellied Brent Goose)
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– Svalbard/Denmark & UK
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2
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– Canada & Greenland/Ireland
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3a 3e
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Branta leucopsis (Barnacle Goose)
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– East Greenland/Scotland & Ireland
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1
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– Svalbard/South-west Scotland
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3a
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– Russia/Germany & Netherlands
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1
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Branta ruficollis (Red-breasted Goose)
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– Northern Siberia/Black Sea & Caspian
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1a 1b 3a
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Anser anser anser (Greylag Goose, Western Greylag Goose)
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– Iceland/UK & Ireland
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3e*
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– NW Europe/South-west Europe
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1
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– Central Europe/North Africa
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1
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Anser anser rubrirostris (Greylag Goose, Eastern Greylag Goose)
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– Black Sea & Türkiye
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3c
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– Western Siberia/Caspian & Iraq
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2c 2e
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Anser fabalis fabalis (Bean Goose, Taiga Bean Goose)
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– Scandinavia/Denmark and UK
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1c
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– Finland and NW Russia/Sweden, Denmark and Germany
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3c*
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– West Siberia/Poland and Germany
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2
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Anser fabalis johanseni (Bean Goose)
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– West & Central Siberia/Turkmenistan to W China
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1c
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Anser fabalis rossicus (Bean Goose, Tundra Bean Goose)
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– West & Central Siberia/NE & SW Europe
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1
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Anser brachyrhynchus (Pink-footed Goose)
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– East Greenland & Iceland/UK
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1
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– Svalbard/North-west Europe
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1
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Anser albifrons albifrons (Greater White-fronted Goose, European White-fronted Goose)
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– NW Siberia & NE Europe/North-west Europe
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1
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– Western Siberia/Central Europe
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1
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– Western Siberia/Black Sea & Türkiye
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1
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– Northern Siberia/Caspian & Iraq
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(1)
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Anser albifrons flavirostris (Greater White-fronted Goose, Greenland White-fronted Goose)
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– Greenland/Ireland & UK
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2*
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Anser erythropus (Lesser White-fronted Goose)
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– NE Europe & W Siberia/Black Sea & Caspian
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1a 1b 2
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– Fennoscandia
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1a 1b 1c
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Clangula hyemalis (Long-tailed Duck)
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– Iceland & Greenland (bre)
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1b
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– Western Siberia/North Europe (bre)
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1b
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Somateria spectabilis (King Eider)
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– East Greenland, NE Europe & Western Siberia
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(2e)
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Somateria mollissima mollissima (Common Eider)
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– Baltic, North & Celtic Seas
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4
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– Norway & Russia
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4
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Somateria mollissima borealis (Common Eider)
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– Svalbard & Franz Joseph (bre)
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4
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– E Greenland/Iceland
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4
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Polysticta stelleri (Steller’s Eider)
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– Western Siberia/North-east Europe
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1a 1b
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Melanitta fusca (Velvet Scoter)
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– Western Siberia & Northern Europe/NW Europe
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1b
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– Black Sea & Caspian
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1b 1c
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Melanitta nigra (Common Scoter)
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– W Siberia & N Europe/W Europe & NW Africa
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2a
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Bucephala clangula clangula (Common Goldeneye)
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– North-west & Central Europe (win)
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2c
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– North-east Europe/Adriatic
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2e
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– Western Siberia & North-east Europe/Black Sea
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1
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– Western Siberia/Caspian
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(3c 3e)
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Mergellus albellus (Smew)
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– North-west & Central Europe (win)
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1
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– North-east Europe/Black Sea & East Mediterranean
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2
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– Western Siberia/South-west Asia
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(1)
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Mergus merganser merganser (Goosander)
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– North-west & Central Europe (win)
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1
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– North-east Europe/Black Sea
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2
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– Western Siberia/Caspian
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(2)
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Mergus serrator (Red-breasted Merganser)
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– North-west & Central Europe (win)
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2c
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– North-east Europe/Black Sea & Mediterranean
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3c
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– Western Siberia/South-west & Central Asia
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1c
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Alopochen aegyptiaca (Egyptian Goose)
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– West Africa
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1c
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– Eastern & Southern Africa
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1
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Tadorna tadorna (Common Shelduck)
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– North-west Europe
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2a
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– Black Sea & Mediterranean
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1
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– Western Asia/Caspian & Middle East
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3c (3e)
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Tadorna ferruginea (Ruddy Shelduck)
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– North-west Africa
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1c
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– East Mediterranean & Black Sea/North-east Africa
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1
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– Western Asia & Caspian/Iran & Iraq
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3c
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Tadorna cana (South African Shelduck)
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– Southern Africa
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3c (3e)
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Plectropterus gambensis gambensis (Spur-winged Goose)
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– West Africa
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1
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– Eastern Africa (Sudan to Zambia)
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1
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Plectropterus gambensis niger (Spur-winged Goose)
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– Southern Africa
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(1)
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Sarkidiornis melanotos (African Comb Duck)
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– West Africa
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3c
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– Southern & Eastern Africa
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(2c 2e)
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Nettapus auritus (African Pygmy-goose)
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– West Africa
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1c
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– Southern & Eastern Africa
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1
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Marmaronetta angustirostris (Marbled Teal)
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– West Mediterranean/West Medit. & West Africa
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1a 1b 1c
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– East Mediterranean
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1a 1b 1c
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– South-west Asia
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1a 1b 3c
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Netta rufina (Red-crested Pochard)
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– South-west & Central Europe/West Mediterranean
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1
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– Black Sea & East Mediterranean
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3e
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– Western & Central Asia/South-west Asia
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(2c 2e)
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Netta erythrophthalma brunnea (Southern Pochard)
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– Southern & Eastern Africa
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3c
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Aythya ferina (Common Pochard)
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– North-east Europe/North-west Europe
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1b
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– Central & NE Europe/Black Sea & Mediterranean
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1b
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– Western Siberia/South-west Asia
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1b
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Aythya nyroca (Ferruginous Duck)
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– West Mediterranean/North & West Africa
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1a 1c
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– Eastern Europe/E Mediterranean & Sahelian Africa
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1a
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– Western Asia/SW Asia & NE Africa
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1a
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Aythya fuligula (Tufted Duck)
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– North-west Europe (win)
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(2c)
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– Central Europe, Black Sea & Mediterranean (win)
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1
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– Western Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa
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2c 2e
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Aythya marila marila (Greater Scaup)
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– Northern Europe/Western Europe
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1
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– Western Siberia/Black Sea & Caspian
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(2c 2e)
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Spatula querquedula (Garganey)
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– Western Siberia & Europe/West Africa
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1
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– Western Siberia/SW Asia, NE & Eastern Africa
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2c 2e
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Spatula hottentota (Spotted Teal)
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– Lake Chad Basin
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1c
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– Eastern Africa (south to N Zambia)
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1
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– Southern Africa (north to S Zambia)
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3c 3e
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Spatula clypeata (Northern Shoveler)
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– North-west & Central Europe (win)
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1
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– W Siberia, NE & E Europe/S Europe & West Africa
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1
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– W Siberia/SW Asia, NE & Eastern Africa
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2c
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Mareca strepera strepera (Gadwall)
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– North-west Europe
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1
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– North-east Europe/Black Sea & Mediterranean
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1
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– Western Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa
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(2c)
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Mareca penelope (Eurasian Wigeon)
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– Western Siberia & NE Europe/NW Europe
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2c
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– W Siberia & NE Europe/Black Sea & Mediterranean
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2c
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– Western Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa
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2c
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Anas undulata undulata (Yellow-billed Duck)
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– Southern Africa
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(1)
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Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos (Mallard)
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– North-west Europe
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1
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– Northern Europe/West Mediterranean
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2c
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– Eastern Europe/Black Sea & East Mediterranean
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1
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– Western Siberia/South-west Asia
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2c
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Anas capensis (Cape Teal)
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– Eastern Africa (Rift Valley)
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1c
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– Lake Chad basin2
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1c
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– Southern Africa (N to Angola & Zambia)
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3c
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Anas erythrorhyncha (Red-billed Teal)
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– Southern Africa
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(2c 2e)
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– Eastern Africa
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1
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– Madagascar
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2
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Anas acuta (Northern Pintail)
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– North-west Europe
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1
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– W Siberia, NE & E Europe/S Europe & West Africa
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2e
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– Western Siberia/SW Asia & Eastern Africa
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2c
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Anas crecca crecca (Common Teal)
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– North-west Europe
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1
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– W Siberia & NE Europe/Black Sea & Mediterranean
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1
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– Western Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa
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2c
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Family PODICIPEDIDAE (grebes)
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Tachybaptus ruficollis ruficollis (Little Grebe)
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– Europe & North-west Africa
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1
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Podiceps grisegena grisegena (Red-necked Grebe)
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– North-west Europe (win)
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3c
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– Black Sea & Mediterranean (win)
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3c
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– Caspian (win)
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2
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Podiceps cristatus cristatus (Great Crested Grebe, Eurasian Crested Grebe)
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– North-west & Western Europe
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1
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– Black Sea & Mediterranean (win)
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1
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– Caspian & South-west Asia (win)
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3c 3e
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Podiceps cristatus infuscatus (Great Crested Grebe, African Crested Grebe)
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– Eastern Africa (Ethiopia to N Zambia)
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1c
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– Southern Africa
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1c
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Podiceps auritus auritus (Horned Grebe)
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– North-west Europe (large-billed)
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1b 1c
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– North-east Europe (small-billed)
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1b 2
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– Caspian & South Asia (win)
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1b 1c
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Podiceps nigricollis nigricollis (Black-necked Grebe)
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– Europe/South & West Europe & North Africa
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2c
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– Western Asia/South-west & South Asia
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3c
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Podiceps nigricollis gurneyi (Black-necked Grebe)
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– Southern Africa
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2
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Family PHOENICOPTERIDAE (flamingos)
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Phoenicopterus roseus (Greater Flamingo)
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– West Africa
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2a
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– Eastern Africa
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3a 3c (3e)
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– Southern Africa (to Madagascar)
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2a
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– West Mediterranean
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2a
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– East Mediterranean
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2a
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– South-west & South Asia
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|
2a 2c (2e)
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Phoeniconaias minor (Lesser Flamingo)
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|
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– West Africa
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3a
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– Eastern Africa
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4
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– Southern Africa (to Madagascar)
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4
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|
|
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|
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|
Family PHAETHONTIDAE (tropicbirds)
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Phaethon aethereus aethereus (Red-billed Tropicbird)
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|
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|
– South Atlantic
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1c
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|
Phaethon aethereus indicus (Red-billed Tropicbird)
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|
|
|
– Persian Gulf, Gulf of Aden, Red Sea
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1c
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|
Phaethon rubricauda rubricauda (Red-tailed Tropicbird)
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|
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|
– Indian Ocean
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1
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|
Phaethon lepturus lepturus (White-tailed Tropicbird)
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|
|
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– W Indian Ocean
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1
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|
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|
Family RALLIDAE (rails, gallinules, coots)
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|
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|
Sarothrura elegans reichenovi (Buff-spotted Flufftail)
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|
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|
– S West Africa to Central Africa
|
|
|
(1)
|
Sarothrura elegans elegans (Buff-spotted Flufftail)
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|
|
|
– NE, Eastern & Southern Africa
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|
|
(1)
|
Sarothrura boehmi (Streaky-breasted Flufftail)
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|
|
|
– Central Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
Sarothrura ayresi (White-winged Flufftail)
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|
|
|
– Ethiopia
|
1a 1b 1c
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|
|
– Southern Africa
|
1a 1b 1c
|
|
|
Rallus aquaticus aquaticus (Western Water Rail)
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|
|
|
– Europe & North Africa
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|
|
1
|
Rallus aquaticus korejewi (Western Water Rail)
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|
|
|
– Western Siberia/South-west Asia
|
|
|
(1)
|
Rallus caerulescens (African Rail)
|
|
|
|
– Southern & Eastern Africa
|
|
|
(1)
|
Crex egregia (African Crake)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
|
(1)
|
Crex crex (Corncrake)
|
|
|
|
– Europe & Western Asia/Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
|
1
|
Porzana porzana (Spotted Crake)
|
|
|
|
– Europe/Africa
|
|
2c
|
|
Zapornia flavirostra (Black Crake)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
|
1
|
Zapornia parva (Little Crake)
|
|
|
|
– Western Eurasia/Africa
|
|
2c
|
|
Zapornia pusilla intermedia (Baillon’s Crake)
|
|
|
|
– Europe (bre)
|
1c
|
|
|
Amaurornis marginalis (Striped Crake)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
(2)
|
|
|
Porphyrio alleni (Allen’s Gallinule)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
(2c)
|
|
Gallinula chloropus chloropus (Common Moorhen)
|
|
|
|
– Europe & North Africa
|
|
2c
|
|
– West & South-west Asia
|
|
|
1
|
Paragallinula angulata (Lesser Moorhen)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
(3c 3e)
|
|
|
Fulica cristata (Red-knobbed Coot)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
2c
|
|
– Spain & Morocco
|
1c
|
|
|
Fulica atra atra (Common Coot)
|
|
|
|
– North-west Europe (win)
|
|
2c
|
|
– Black Sea & Mediterranean (win)
|
|
2c 2e
|
|
– South-west Asia (win)
|
|
2c 2e
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family GRUIDAE (cranes)
|
|
|
|
Balearica regulorum regulorum (Grey Crowned Crane, South African Crowned Crane)
|
|
|
|
– Southern Africa (N to Angola & S Zimbabwe)
|
1b 1c
|
|
|
Balearica regulorum gibbericeps (Grey Crowned Crane, East African Crowned Crane)
|
|
|
|
– Eastern Africa (Kenya to Mozambique)
|
1b 2
|
|
|
Balearica pavonina pavonina (Black Crowned Crane, West African Crowned Crane)
|
|
|
|
– West Africa (Senegal to Chad)
|
1b 1c
|
|
|
Balearica pavonina ceciliae (Black Crowned Crane, Sudan Crowned Crane)
|
|
|
|
– Eastern Africa (Sudan to Uganda)
|
1b 3c
|
|
|
Leucogeranus leucogeranus (Siberian Crane)
|
|
|
|
– Iran (win)
|
1a 1b 1c
|
|
|
Bugeranus carunculatus (Wattled Crane)
|
|
|
|
– Central & Southern Africa
|
1b 1c
|
|
|
Anthropoides paradiseus (Blue Crane)
|
|
|
|
– Extreme Southern Africa
|
1b
|
|
|
Anthropoides virgo (Demoiselle Crane)
|
|
|
|
– Black Sea (Ukraine)/North-east Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
– Kalmykia/North-east Africa
|
2
|
|
|
– W Central Asia (bre)
|
|
1
|
|
Grus grus grus (Common Crane)
|
|
|
|
– North-west Europe/Iberia & Morocco
|
|
|
1
|
– North-east & Central Europe/North Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– Eastern Europe/Türkiye, Middle East & NE Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– Western Siberia/South Asia
|
|
(1)
|
|
Grus grus archibaldi (Common Crane)
|
|
|
|
– Türkiye & Georgia (bre)
|
1c
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family GAVIIDAE (loons / divers)
|
|
|
|
Gavia stellata (Red-throated Loon)
|
|
|
|
– North-west Europe (win)
|
|
2e
|
|
– Caspian, Black Sea & East Mediterranean (win)
|
1c
|
|
|
Gavia arctica arctica (Arctic Loon)
|
|
|
|
– Northern Europe & Western Siberia/Europe
|
|
2c
|
|
– Central Siberia/Caspian
|
1c
|
|
|
Gavia immer (Common Loon)
|
|
|
|
– Europe (win)
|
1c
|
|
|
Gavia adamsii (Yellow-billed Loon)
|
|
|
|
– Northern Europe (win)
|
1c
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family SPHENISCIDAE (penguins)
|
|
|
|
Spheniscus demersus (African Penguin)
|
|
|
|
– Southern Africa
|
1b 3c
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family CICONIIDAE (storks)
|
|
|
|
Leptoptilos crumenifer (Marabou)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
|
1
|
Mycteria ibis (Yellow-billed Stork)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding Madagascar)
|
|
2e
|
|
Anastomus lamelligerus lamelligerus (African Openbill)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
2e
|
|
Ciconia nigra (Black Stork)
|
|
|
|
– Southern Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
– South-west Europe/West Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
– Central & Eastern Europe/Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
1
|
|
Ciconia abdimii (Abdim’s Stork)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa & SW Arabia
|
|
(2c 2e)
|
|
Ciconia microscelis (African Woollyneck)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
(1)
|
|
Ciconia ciconia ciconia (White Stork)
|
|
|
|
– Southern Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
– W Europe & North-west Africa/Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
2b
|
|
– Central & Eastern Europe/Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– Western Asia/South-west Asia
|
3c
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE (ibises, spoonbills)
|
|
|
|
Platalea alba (African Spoonbill)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
3c 3e
|
|
|
Platalea leucorodia leucorodia (Eurasian Spoonbill)
|
|
|
|
– West Europe/West Mediterranean & West Africa
|
2
|
|
|
– C Europe/Central Mediterranean & Tropical Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
– SE Europe/Mediterranean, SW Asia & East Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
– Western Asia/South-west & South Asia
|
|
1
|
|
Platalea leucorodia balsaci (Eurasian Spoonbill)
|
|
|
|
– Coastal West Africa (Mauritania)
|
1c
|
|
|
Platalea leucorodia archeri (Eurasian Spoonbill)
|
|
|
|
– Red Sea & Somalia
|
1c
|
|
|
Threskiornis aethiopicus (African Sacred Ibis)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– Iraq & Iran
|
1c
|
|
|
Geronticus eremita (Northern Bald Ibis)
|
|
|
|
– Morocco
|
1a 1b 1c
|
|
|
– South-west Asia
|
1a 1b 1c
|
|
|
Plegadis falcinellus (Glossy Ibis)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa (bre)
|
(3c 3e)
|
|
|
– Black Sea & Mediterranean/West Africa
|
|
1
|
|
– South-west Asia/Eastern Africa
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family ARDEIDAE (herons)
|
|
|
|
Botaurus stellaris stellaris (Eurasian Bittern)
|
|
|
|
– W Europe, NW Africa (bre)
|
1c
|
|
|
– Central & E Europe, Black Sea & E Mediterranean (bre)
|
|
|
1
|
– South-west Asia (win)
|
|
1
|
|
Botaurus stellaris capensis (Eurasian Bittern)
|
|
|
|
– Southern Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
Ixobrychus minutus minutus (Common Little Bittern)
|
|
|
|
– W Europe, NW Africa/Subsaharan Africa
|
2
|
|
|
– Central & E Europe, Black Sea & E Mediterranean/Sub-saharan Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– West & South-west Asia/Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
(1)
|
|
Ixobrychus minutus payesii (Common Little Bittern)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
(1)
|
|
Ixobrychus sturmii (Dwarf Bittern)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
(1)
|
|
Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax (Black-crowned Night-heron)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa & Madagascar
|
|
|
1
|
– W Europe, NW Africa (bre)
|
3c
|
|
|
– Central & E Europe/Black Sea & E Mediterranean (bre)
|
|
1
|
|
– Western Asia/SW Asia & NE Africa
|
|
(1)
|
|
Ardeola ralloides ralloides (Squacco Heron)
|
|
|
|
– SW Europe, NW Africa (bre)
|
1c
|
|
|
– Central & E Europe, Black Sea & E Mediterranean (bre)
|
3c
|
|
|
– West & South-west Asia/Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
(1)
|
|
Ardeola ralloides paludivaga (Squacco Heron)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa & Madagascar
|
|
|
(1)
|
Ardeola idae (Madagascar Pond-heron)
|
|
|
|
– Madagascar & Aldabra/Central & Eastern Africa
|
1a 1b 1c
|
|
|
Ardeola rufiventris (Rufous-bellied Heron)
|
|
|
|
– Central, Eastern & Southern Africa
|
|
(1)
|
|
Bubulcus ibis ibis (Cattle Egret)
|
|
|
|
– Southern Africa
|
|
2c
|
|
– Tropical Africa
|
|
(2c 2e)
|
|
– South-west Europe
|
|
|
1
|
– North-west Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– East Mediterranean & South-west Asia
|
|
1
|
|
Ardea cinerea cinerea (Grey Heron)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– Northern & Western Europe
|
|
|
1
|
– Central & Eastern Europe
|
|
|
1
|
– West & South-west Asia (bre)
|
|
(2c)
|
|
Ardea melanocephala (Black-headed Heron)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
(2c)
|
|
Ardea purpurea purpurea (Purple Heron)
|
|
|
|
– Tropical Africa
|
(3c)
|
|
|
– West Europe & West Mediterranean/West Africa
|
|
1
|
|
– East Europe, Black Sea & Mediterranean/Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– SW Asia
|
(2)
|
|
|
Ardea alba alba (Great White Egret, Western Great Egret)
|
|
|
|
– W, Central & SE Europe/Black Sea & Mediterranean
|
|
|
1
|
– Western Asia/South-west Asia
|
(3e)
|
|
|
Ardea alba melanorhynchos (Great White Egret, African Great Egret)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa & Madagascar
|
|
2e
|
|
Ardea brachyrhyncha (Yellow-billed Egret)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
1
|
|
Egretta ardesiaca (Black Heron)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
(1)
|
|
Egretta vinaceigula (Slaty Egret)
|
|
|
|
– Central Southern Africa
|
1b 1c
|
|
|
Egretta garzetta garzetta (Little Egret)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa
|
|
2c
|
|
– Western Europe, NW Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– Central & E Europe, Black Sea, E Mediterranean
|
|
1
|
|
– Western Asia/SW Asia, NE & Eastern Africa
|
3c
|
|
|
Egretta gularis gularis (Western Reef-egret)
|
|
|
|
– West Africa
|
2
|
|
|
Egretta gularis schistacea (Western Reef-egret)
|
|
|
|
– North-east Africa & Red Sea
|
2
|
|
|
– South-west Asia & South Asia
|
2
|
|
|
Egretta gularis dimorpha (Western Reef-egret)
|
|
|
|
– Coastal Eastern Africa
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family BALAENICIPITIDAE (shoebill)
|
|
|
|
Balaeniceps rex (Shoebill)
|
|
|
|
– Central Tropical Africa
|
1b 1c
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family PELECANIDAE (pelicans)
|
|
|
|
Pelecanus crispus (Dalmatian Pelican)
|
|
|
|
– Black Sea & Mediterranean (win)
|
1a 1c
|
|
|
– South-west Asia & South Asia (win)
|
1a 2
|
|
|
Pelecanus rufescens (Pink-backed Pelican)
|
|
|
|
– Tropical Africa & SW Arabia
|
|
1
|
|
Pelecanus onocrotalus (Great White Pelican)
|
|
|
|
– Southern Africa
|
3c 3e
|
|
|
– West Africa
|
|
1
|
|
– Eastern Africa
|
|
2e
|
|
– Europe & Western Asia (bre)
|
1a
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family FREGATIDAE (frigatebirds)
|
|
|
|
Fregata ariel
iredalei (Lesser Frigatebird)
|
|
|
|
– W Indian Ocean
|
2
|
|
|
Fregata minor
aldabrensis (Great Frigatebird)
|
|
|
|
– W Indian Ocean
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family SULIDAE (gannets, boobies)
|
|
|
|
Morus bassanus (Northern Gannet)
|
|
|
|
– North Atlantic
|
|
|
1
|
Morus capensis (Cape Gannet)
|
|
|
|
– Southern Africa
|
1b
|
|
|
Sula dactylatra melanops (Masked Booby)
|
|
|
|
– W Indian Ocean
|
3c
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family PHALACROCORACIDAE (cormorants)
|
|
|
|
Microcarbo coronatus (Crowned Cormorant)
|
|
|
|
– Coastal South-west Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
Microcarbo pygmaeus (Pygmy Cormorant)
|
|
|
|
– Black Sea & Mediterranean
|
|
1
|
|
– South-west Asia
|
|
1
|
|
Gulosus aristotelis desmarestii (European Shag)
|
|
|
|
– East Mediterranean (Croatia, Adriatic Sea) (bre)
|
1c
|
|
|
Phalacrocorax carbo carbo (Great Cormorant, Common Great Cormorant)
|
|
|
|
– North-west Europe
|
|
|
1
|
Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (Great Cormorant)
|
|
|
|
– Northern & Central Europe
|
|
|
1
|
– Black Sea & Mediterranean
|
|
|
1
|
– West & South-west Asia
|
|
|
(1)
|
Phalacrocorax carbo lucidus (Great Cormorant, White-breasted Cormorant)
|
|
|
|
– Coastal West Africa
|
|
1
|
|
– Central & Eastern Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– Coastal Southern Africa
|
2
|
|
|
Phalacrocorax capensis (Cape Cormorant)
|
|
|
|
– Coastal Southern Africa
|
1b
|
|
|
Phalacrocorax nigrogularis (Socotra Cormorant)
|
|
|
|
– Arabian Coast
|
1b
|
|
|
– Gulf of Aden, Socotra, Arabian Sea
|
1b
|
|
|
Phalacrocorax neglectus (Bank Cormorant)
|
|
|
|
– Coastal South-west Africa
|
1b 2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family BURHINIDAE (thick-knees)
|
|
|
|
Burhinus senegalensis (Senegal Thick-knee)
|
|
|
|
– West Africa
|
|
1
|
|
– North-east & Eastern Africa
|
(3c)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family PLUVIANIDAE (Egyptian plover)
|
|
|
|
Pluvianus aegyptius (Egyptian Plover)
|
|
|
|
– West Africa
|
|
(1)
|
|
– Eastern Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
– Lower Congo Basin
|
1c
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family HAEMATOPODIDAE (oystercatchers)
|
|
|
|
Haematopus moquini (African Oystercatcher)
|
|
|
|
– Coastal Southern Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
Haematopus ostralegus ostralegus (Eurasian Oystercatcher)
|
|
|
|
– Europe/South & West Europe & NW Africa
|
4
|
|
|
Haematopus ostralegus longipes (Eurasian Oystercatcher)
|
|
|
|
– SE Eur & W Asia/SW & S Asia & NE Africa
|
(3c)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE (avocets, stilts)
|
|
|
|
Recurvirostra avosetta (Pied Avocet)
|
|
|
|
– Southern Africa
|
2
|
|
|
– Eastern Africa
|
|
(1)
|
|
– Western Europe & North-west Africa (bre)
|
|
1
|
|
– South-east Europe, Black Sea & Türkiye (bre)
|
|
1
|
|
– West & South-west Asia/Eastern Africa
|
2
|
|
|
Himantopus himantopus himantopus (Black-winged Stilt)
|
|
|
|
– Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding south)
|
|
2e
|
|
– Southern Africa
|
2
|
|
|
– SW Europe & North-west Africa/West Africa
|
|
2e
|
|
– Central Europe & E Mediterranean/N-Central Africa
|
|
1
|
|
– W, Central & SW Asia/SW Asia & NE Africa
|
|
(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family CHARADRIIDAE (plovers)
|
|
|
|
Pluvialis squatarola squatarola (Grey Plover)
|
|
|
|
– W Siberia/W Europe & W Africa
|
|
2e
|
|
– Central & E Siberia/SW Asia, Eastern & Southern Africa
|
3c
|
|
|
Pluvialis apricaria apricaria (Eurasian Golden Plover)
|
|
|
|
– Britain, Ireland, Denmark, Germany & Baltic (bre)
|
|
|
1
|
Pluvialis apricaria altifrons (Eurasian Golden Plover)
|
|
|
|
– Iceland & Faroes/East Atlantic coast
|
|
|
1
|
– Northern Europe/Western Europe & NW Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– Northern Siberia/Caspian & Asia Minor
|
|
|
1
|
Pluvialis fulva (Pacific Golden Plover)
|
|
|
|
– North-central Siberia/South & SW Asia, NE Africa
|
3c
|
|
|
Eudromias morinellus (Eurasian Dotterel)
|
|
|
|
– Europe/North-west Africa
|
3c
|
|
|
– Asia/Middle East
|
(3c)
|
|
|
Charadrius hiaticula hiaticula (Common Ringed Plover)
|
|
|
|
– Northern Europe/Europe & North Africa
|
|
1
|
|
Charadrius hiaticula psammodromus (Common Ringed Plover)
|
|
|
|
– Canada, Greenland & Iceland/W & S Africa
|
|
(2c)
|
|
Charadrius hiaticula tundrae (Common Ringed Plover)
|
|
|
|
– NE Europe & Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa
|
|
|
1
|
Charadrius dubius curonicus (Little Ringed Plover)
|
|
|
|
– Europe & North-west Africa/West Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– West & South-west Asia/Eastern Africa
|
|
|
(1)
|
Charadrius pecuarius (Kittlitz’s Plover)
|
|
|
|
– Southern & Eastern Africa
|
|
(2c 2e)
|
|
– West Africa
|
|
1
|
|
Charadrius tricollaris (African Three-banded Plover)
|
|
|
|
– Southern & Eastern Africa
|
|
1
|
|
Charadrius forbesi (Forbes’s Plover)
|
|
|
|
– Western & Central Africa
|
2
|
|
|
Charadrius marginatus hesperius (White-fronted Plover)
|
|
|
|
– West Africa
|
2
|
|
|
Charadrius marginatus mechowi (White-fronted Plover)
|
|
|
|
– Inland East & Central Africa
|
2
|
|
|
Charadrius alexandrinus alexandrinus (Kentish Plover)
|
|
|
|
– West Europe & West Mediterranean/West Africa
|
3c
|
|
|
– Black Sea & East Mediterranean/Eastern Sahel
|
3c
|
|
|
– SW & Central Asia/SW Asia & NE Africa
|
|
|
1
|
Charadrius pallidus pallidus (Chestnut-banded Plover)
|
|
|
|
– Southern Africa
|
2
|
|
|
Charadrius pallidus venustus (Chestnut-banded Plover)
|
|
|
|
– Eastern Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
Charadrius mongolus pamirensis (Lesser Sandplover)
|
|
|
|
– West-central Asia/SW Asia & Eastern Africa
|
|
|
1
|
Charadrius leschenaultii leschenaultii (Greater Sandplover)
|
|
|
|
– Central Asia/Eastern & Southern Africa
|
3e
|
|
|
Charadrius leschenaultii columbinus (Greater Sandplover)
|
|
|
|
– Türkiye & SW Asia/E. Mediterranean & Red Sea
|
1c
|
|
|
Charadrius leschenaultii scythicus (Greater Sandplover)
|
|
|
|
– Caspian & SW Asia/Arabia & NE Africa
|
|
(1)
|
|
Charadrius asiaticus (Caspian Plover)
|
|
|
|
– SE Europe & West Asia/E & Central Southern Africa
|
3c
|
|
|
Vanellus vanellus (Northern Lapwing)
|
|
|
|
– Europe, W Asia/Europe, N Africa & SW Asia
|
4
|
|
|
Vanellus spinosus (Spur-winged Lapwing)
|
|
|
|
– East Mediterranean & Middle East
|
|
1
|
|
Vanellus albiceps (White-headed Lapwing)
|
|
|
|
– West & Central Africa
|
3e
|
|
|
Vanellus lugubris (Senegal Lapwing)
|
|
|
|
– Southern West Africa
|
2
|
|
|
– Central & Eastern Africa
|
|
(1)
|
|
Vanellus melanopterus minor (Black-winged Lapwing)
|
|
|
|
– Southern Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
Vanellus coronatus coronatus (Crowned Lapwing)
|
|
|
|
– Eastern & Southern Africa
|
|
(2c)
|
|
– Central Africa
|
(1c)
|
|
|
– South-west Africa
|
|
(1)
|
|
Vanellus senegallus senegallus (Wattled Lapwing)
|
|
|
|
– West Africa
|
(3e)
|
|
|
Vanellus senegallus lateralis (Wattled Lapwing)
|
|
|
|
– Eastern & South-east Africa
|
(3c)
|
|
|
Vanellus superciliosus (Brown-chested Lapwing)
|
|
|
|
– West & Central Africa
|
(1c)
|
|
|
Vanellus gregarius (Sociable Lapwing)
|
|
|
|
– Central Asia/S, SW Asia, NE Africa
|
1a 1b 2
|
|
|
Vanellus leucurus (White-tailed Lapwing)
|
|
|
|
– Central & SW Asia/NE Africa, SW & S Asia
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family SCOLOPACIDAE (sandpipers, snipes, phalaropes)
|
|
|
|
Numenius phaeopus phaeopus (Whimbrel)
|
|
|
|
– Northern Europe/West Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– West Siberia/Southern & Eastern Africa
|
|
|
(1)
|
Numenius phaeopus islandicus (Whimbrel)
|
|
|
|
– Iceland, Faroes & Scotland/West Africa
|
|
|
1
|
Numenius phaeopus alboaxillaris (Whimbrel)
|
|
|
|
– N of Caspian/Eastern Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
Numenius phaeopus rogachevae (Whimbrel)
|
|
|
|
– Central Siberia (bre)
|
2
|
|
|
Numenius tenuirostris (Slender-billed Curlew)
|
|
|
|
– Central Siberia/Mediterranean & SW Asia
|
1a 1b 1c
|
|
|
Numenius arquata arquata (Eurasian Curlew)
|
|
|
|
– Europe/Europe, North & West Africa
|
4
|
|
|
Numenius arquata suschkini (Eurasian Curlew)
|
|
|
|
– South-east Europe & South-west Asia (bre)
|
1c
|
|
|
Numenius arquata orientalis (Eurasian Curlew)
|
|
|
|
– Western Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa
|
4
|
|
|
Limosa lapponica lapponica (Bar-tailed Godwit)
|
|
|
|
– Northern Europe/Western Europe
|
4
|
|
|
Limosa lapponica taymyrensis (Bar-tailed Godwit)
|
|
|
|
– Western Siberia/West & South-west Africa
|
4
|
|
|
– Central Siberia/South & SW Asia & Eastern Africa
|
4
|
|
|
Limosa limosa limosa (Black-tailed Godwit)
|
|
|
|
– Western Europe/NW & West Africa
|
3c 3e
|
|
|
– Eastern Europe/Central & Eastern Africa
|
3c 3e
|
|
|
– West-central Asia/SW Asia & Eastern Africa
|
3c
|
|
|
Limosa limosa islandica (Black-tailed Godwit)
|
|
|
|
– Iceland/Western Europe
|
4
|
|
|
Arenaria interpres interpres (Ruddy Turnstone)
|
|
|
|
– NE Canada & Greenland/W Europe & NW Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– Northern Europe/West Africa
|
3c
|
|
|
– West & Central Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa
|
|
(2c)
|
|
Calidris tenuirostris (Great Knot)
|
|
|
|
– Eastern Siberia/SW Asia & W Southern Asia
|
1a 1b 1c
|
|
|
Calidris canutus canutus (Red Knot)
|
|
|
|
– Northern Siberia/West & Southern Africa
|
4
|
|
|
Calidris canutus islandica (Red Knot)
|
|
|
|
– NE Canada & Greenland/Western Europe
|
4
|
|
|
Calidris pugnax (Ruff)
|
|
|
|
– Northern Europe & Western Siberia/West Africa
|
|
2c
|
|
– Northern Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa
|
|
(2c 2e)
|
|
Calidris falcinellus falcinellus (Broad-billed Sandpiper)
|
|
|
|
– Northern Europe/SW Asia & Africa
|
|
2c 2e
|
|
Calidris ferruginea (Curlew Sandpiper)
|
|
|
|
– Western Siberia/West Africa
|
4
|
|
|
– Central Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa
|
4
|
|
|
Calidris temminckii (Temminck’s Stint)
|
|
|
|
– Fennoscandia/North & West Africa
|
3c 3e
|
|
|
– NE Europe & W Siberia/SW Asia & Eastern Africa
|
|
(2c 2e)
|
|
Calidris alba alba (Sanderling)
|
|
|
|
– East Atlantic Europe, West & Southern Africa (win)
|
|
|
1
|
– South-west Asia, Eastern & Southern Africa (win)
|
|
(2e)
|
|
Calidris alpina alpina (Dunlin)
|
|
|
|
– NE Europe & NW Siberia/W Europe & NW Africa
|
|
|
1
|
Calidris alpina arctica (Dunlin)
|
|
|
|
– NE Greenland/West Africa
|
3a
|
|
|
Calidris alpina schinzii (Dunlin)
|
|
|
|
– Iceland & Greenland/NW and West Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– Britain & Ireland/SW Europe & NW Africa
|
3e
|
|
|
– Baltic/SW Europe & NW Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
Calidris alpina centralis (Dunlin)
|
|
|
|
– Central Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa
|
|
|
1
|
Calidris maritima (Purple Sandpiper)
|
|
|
|
– N Europe & W Siberia (breeding)
|
|
1
|
|
– NE Canada & N Greenland (breeding)
|
2
|
|
|
Calidris minuta (Little Stint)
|
|
|
|
– N Europe/S Europe, North & West Africa
|
|
(2c 2e)
|
|
– Western Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa
|
|
(2c 2e)
|
|
Scolopax rusticola (Eurasian Woodcock)
|
|
|
|
– Europe/South & West Europe & North Africa
|
|
2c
|
|
– Western Siberia/South-west Asia (Caspian)
|
|
|
(1)
|
Gallinago stenura (Pintail Snipe)
|
|
|
|
– Northern Siberia/South Asia & Eastern Africa
|
|
|
(1)
|
Gallinago media (Great Snipe)
|
|
|
|
– Scandinavia/Central Africa
|
4
|
|
|
– Western Siberia & NE Europe/South-east Africa
|
4
|
|
|
Gallinago gallinago gallinago (Common Snipe)
|
|
|
|
– Europe/South & West Europe & NW Africa
|
|
2c
|
|
– Western Siberia/South-west Asia & Africa
|
|
(2c)
|
|
Gallinago gallinago faeroeensis (Common Snipe)
|
|
|
|
– Iceland, Faroes & Northern Scotland/Ireland
|
|
2c
|
|
Lymnocryptes minimus (Jack Snipe)
|
|
|
|
– Northern Europe/S & W Europe & West Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– Western Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa
|
|
|
1
|
Phalaropus lobatus (Red-necked Phalarope)
|
|
|
|
– NW Eurasia (bre)/Arabian Sea
|
|
|
(1)
|
Phalaropus fulicarius (Red Phalarope)
|
|
|
|
– Canada & Greenland/Atlantic coast of Africa
|
|
2c
|
|
Xenus cinereus (Terek Sandpiper)
|
|
|
|
– NE Europe & W Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa
|
|
|
1
|
Actitis hypoleucos (Common Sandpiper)
|
|
|
|
– West & Central Europe/West Africa
|
|
2c
|
|
– E Europe & W Siberia/Central, E & S Africa
|
|
|
(1)
|
Tringa ochropus (Green Sandpiper)
|
|
|
|
– Northern Europe/S & W Europe, West Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– Western Siberia/SW Asia, NE & Eastern Africa
|
|
|
1
|
Tringa erythropus (Spotted Redshank)
|
|
|
|
– N Europe/Southern Europe, North & West Africa
|
3c 3e
|
|
|
– Western Siberia/SW Asia, NE & Eastern Africa
|
|
2c 2e
|
|
Tringa nebularia (Common Greenshank)
|
|
|
|
– Northern Europe/SW Europe, NW & West Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– Western Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa
|
|
(2c)
|
|
Tringa totanus totanus (Common Redshank)
|
|
|
|
– Northern Europe (breeding)
|
|
2c
|
|
– Central & East Europe (breeding)
|
|
2c 2e
|
|
– Britain & Ireland/Britain, Ireland, France
|
3c 3e
|
|
|
Tringa totanus robusta (Common Redshank)
|
|
|
|
– Iceland & Faroes/Western Europe
|
|
|
1
|
Tringa totanus ussuriensis (Common Redshank)
|
|
|
|
– Western Asia/SW Asia, NE & Eastern Africa
|
|
(2c)
|
|
Tringa glareola (Wood Sandpiper)
|
|
|
|
– North-west Europe/West Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– NE Europe & W Siberia/Eastern & Southern Africa
|
|
2c
|
|
Tringa stagnatilis (Marsh Sandpiper)
|
|
|
|
– Eastern Europe/West & Central Africa
|
(3c)
|
|
|
– Western Asia/SW Asia, Eastern & Southern Africa
|
|
(2c 2e)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family DROMADIDAE (crab-plover)
|
|
|
|
Dromas ardeola (Crab-plover)
|
|
|
|
– North-west Indian Ocean, Red Sea & Gulf
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family GLAREOLIDAE (coursers, pratincoles)
|
|
|
|
Glareola pratincola pratincola (Collared Pratincole)
|
|
|
|
– Western Europe & NW Africa/West Africa
|
2
|
|
|
– Black Sea & E Mediterranean/Eastern Sahel zone
|
2
|
|
|
– SW Asia/SW Asia & NE Africa
|
3c
|
|
|
Glareola nordmanni (Black-winged Pratincole)
|
|
|
|
– SE Europe & Western Asia/Southern Africa
|
4
|
|
|
Glareola ocularis (Madagascar Pratincole)
|
|
|
|
– Madagascar/East Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
Glareola nuchalis nuchalis (Rock Pratincole, White-collared Pratincole)
|
|
|
|
– Eastern & Central Africa
|
|
(1)
|
|
Glareola nuchalis liberiae (Rock Pratincole, Rufous-collared Pratincole)
|
|
|
|
– West Africa
|
|
(2c)
|
|
Glareola cinerea (Grey Pratincole)
|
|
|
|
– SE West Africa & Central Africa
|
(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family LARIDAE (gulls, terns, skimmers)
|
|
|
|
Anous stolidus
plumbeigularis (Brown Noddy)
|
|
|
|
– Red Sea & Gulf of Aden
|
|
|
1
|
Anous tenuirostris tenuirostris (Lesser Noddy)
|
|
|
|
– Indian Ocean Islands to E Africa
|
|
|
1
|
Rynchops flavirostris (African Skimmer)
|
|
|
|
– Coastal West Africa & Central Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
– Eastern & Southern Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
Hydrocoloeus minutus (Little Gull)
|
|
|
|
– Central & E Europe/SW Europe & W Mediterranean
|
(3c 3e)
|
|
|
– W Asia/E Mediterranean, Black Sea & Caspian
|
(3c 3e)
|
|
|
Xema sabini sabini (Sabine’s Gull)
|
|
|
|
– Canada & Greenland/SE Atlantic
|
|
|
(1)
|
Rissa tridactyla tridactyla (Black-legged Kittiwake)
|
|
|
|
– Arctic from NE Canada to Novaya Zemlya/N Atlantic
|
1b
|
|
|
Larus genei (Slender-billed Gull)
|
|
|
|
– West Africa (bre)
|
|
1
|
|
– Black Sea & Mediterranean (bre)
|
|
2a (2e)
|
|
– West, South-west & South Asia (bre)
|
|
2c 2e
|
|
Larus ridibundus (Black-headed Gull)
|
|
|
|
– W Europe/W Europe, W Mediterranean, West Africa
|
|
2c
|
|
– East Europe/Black Sea & East Mediterranean
|
|
|
1
|
– West Asia/SW Asia & NE Africa
|
|
|
1
|
Larus hartlaubii (Hartlaub’s Gull)
|
|
|
|
– Coastal South-west Africa
|
3c 3e
|
|
|
Larus cirrocephalus poiocephalus (Grey-headed Gull)
|
|
|
|
– West Africa
|
|
(1)
|
|
– Central, Eastern and Southern Africa
|
|
|
(1)
|
Larus ichthyaetus (Pallas’s Gull)
|
|
|
|
– Black Sea & Caspian/South-west Asia
|
|
2a
|
|
Larus melanocephalus (Mediterranean Gull)
|
|
|
|
– W Europe, Mediterranean & NW Africa
|
|
2a (2e)
|
|
Larus hemprichii (Sooty Gull)
|
|
|
|
– Red Sea, Gulf, Arabia & Eastern Africa
|
3c
|
|
|
Larus leucophthalmus (White-eyed Gull)
|
|
|
|
– Red Sea & nearby coasts
|
1a
|
|
|
Larus audouinii (Audouin’s Gull)
|
|
|
|
– Mediterranean/N & W coasts of Africa
|
1a 3a
|
|
|
Larus canus canus (Mew Gull)
|
|
|
|
– NW & C Europe/Atlantic coast & Mediterranean
|
|
2c
|
|
Larus canus heinei (Mew Gull)
|
|
|
|
– NE Europe & Western Siberia/Black Sea & Caspian
|
|
2c 2e
|
|
Larus dominicanus vetula (Kelp Gull)
|
|
|
|
– Coastal Southern Africa
|
(3e)
|
|
|
– Coastal West Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
Larus fuscus fuscus (Lesser Black-backed Gull, Baltic Gull)
|
|
|
|
– NE Europe/Black Sea, SW Asia & Eastern Africa
|
3c
|
|
|
Larus fuscus graellsii (Lesser Black-backed Gull)
|
|
|
|
– Western Europe/Mediterranean & West Africa
|
|
2e
|
|
Larus fuscus intermedius (Lesser Black-backed Gull)
|
|
|
|
– S Scandinavia, Netherlands, Ebro Delta, Spain
|
|
|
1
|
Larus fuscus heuglini (Lesser Black-backed Gull, Heuglin’s Gull)
|
|
|
|
– NE Europe & W Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa
|
|
|
(1)
|
Larus fuscus barabensis (Lesser Black-backed Gull, Steppe Gull)
|
|
|
|
– South-west Siberia/South-west Asia
|
|
|
1
|
Larus argentatus argentatus (European Herring Gull)
|
|
|
|
– North & North-west Europe
|
|
2c 2e
|
|
Larus argentatus argenteus (European Herring Gull)
|
|
|
|
– Iceland & Western Europe
|
|
2c 2e
|
|
Larus armenicus (Armenian Gull)
|
|
|
|
– Armenia, Eastern Türkiye & NW Iran
|
3a
|
|
|
Larus michahellis (Yellow-legged Gull)
|
|
|
|
– Mediterranean, Iberia & Morocco
|
|
|
1
|
Larus cachinnans (Caspian Gull)
|
|
|
|
– Black Sea & Western Asia/SW Asia, NE Africa
|
|
|
1
|
Larus glaucoides glaucoides (Iceland Gull)
|
|
|
|
– Greenland/Iceland & North-west Europe
|
|
|
1
|
Larus hyperboreus hyperboreus (Glaucous Gull)
|
|
|
|
– Svalbard & N Russia (bre)
|
|
(1)
|
|
Larus hyperboreus leuceretes (Glaucous Gull)
|
|
|
|
– Canada, Greenland & Iceland (bre)
|
|
|
(1)
|
Larus marinus (Great Black-backed Gull)
|
|
|
|
– North & West Europe
|
|
2c
|
|
Onychoprion fuscatus nubilosa (Sooty Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, E to Pacific
|
|
2a
|
|
Onychoprion anaethetus
melanopterus (Bridled Tern)
|
|
|
|
– W Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
Onychoprion anaethetus
antarcticus (Bridled Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Red Sea, E Africa, Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea to W India
|
|
|
1
|
– W Indian Ocean
|
2
|
|
|
Sternula albifrons albifrons (Little Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Europe north of Mediterranean (bre)
|
2
|
|
|
– West Mediterranean/ W Africa (bre)
|
3b 3c
|
|
|
– Black Sea & East Mediterranean (bre)
|
3b 3c
|
|
|
– Caspian (bre)
|
2
|
|
|
Sternula albifrons guineae (Little Tern)
|
|
|
|
– West Africa (bre)
|
1c
|
|
|
Sternula saundersi (Saunders’s Tern)
|
|
|
|
– W South Asia, Red Sea, Gulf & Eastern Africa
|
2
|
|
|
Sternula balaenarum (Damara Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Namibia & South Africa/Atlantic coast to Ghana
|
1c
|
|
|
Gelochelidon nilotica nilotica (Common Gull-billed Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Western Europe/West Africa
|
|
1
|
|
– Black Sea & East Mediterranean/Eastern Africa
|
3c
|
|
|
– West & Central Asia/South-west Asia
|
2
|
|
|
Hydroprogne caspia (Caspian Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Madagascar (bre)
|
1c
|
|
|
– Southern Africa (bre)
|
1c
|
|
|
– West Africa (bre)
|
|
1
|
|
– Baltic (bre)
|
1c
|
|
|
– Black Sea (bre)
|
1c
|
|
|
– Caspian (bre)
|
|
1
|
|
Chlidonias hybrida hybrida (Whiskered Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Western Europe & North-west Africa (bre)
|
|
1
|
|
– Black Sea & East Mediterranean (bre)
|
|
|
(1)
|
– Caspian (bre)
|
|
(1)
|
|
Chlidonias hybrida delalandii (Whiskered Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Eastern Africa (Kenya & Tanzania)
|
2
|
|
|
– Southern Africa (Malawi & Zambia to South Africa)
|
1c
|
|
|
Chlidonias leucopterus (White-winged Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Eastern Europe & Western Asia/Africa
|
|
2c
|
|
Chlidonias niger niger (Black Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Europe & Western Asia/Atlantic coast of Africa
|
|
2c
|
|
Sterna dougallii dougallii (Roseate Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Southern Africa & Madagascar
|
1c
|
|
|
– East Africa
|
2
|
|
|
– Europe (bre)
|
1c
|
|
|
Sterna dougallii gracilis (Roseate Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Seychelles & Mascarenes
|
1c
|
|
|
– North Arabian Sea (Oman)
|
1c
|
|
|
Sterna hirundo hirundo (Common Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Southern & Western Europe (bre)
|
|
|
1
|
– Northern & Eastern Europe (bre)
|
|
|
1
|
– Western Asia (bre)
|
|
|
(1)
|
Sterna repressa (White-cheeked Tern)
|
|
|
|
– W South Asia, Red Sea, Gulf & Eastern Africa
|
|
|
(1)
|
Sterna paradisaea (Arctic Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Western Eurasia (bre)
|
|
|
1
|
Sterna vittata vittata (Antarctic Tern)
|
|
|
|
– P.Edward, Marion, Crozet & Kerguelen/South Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
Sterna vittata tristanensis (Antarctic Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Tristan da Cunha & Gough/South Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
Sterna vittata sanctipauli (Antarctic Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Amsterdam and St Paul/South Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
Thalasseus bengalensis bengalensis (Lesser Crested Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Gulf/Southern Asia
|
|
|
1
|
– Red Sea/Eastern Africa
|
|
|
(1)
|
Thalasseus bengalensis emigratus (Lesser Crested Tern)
|
|
|
|
– S Mediterranean/NW & West Africa coasts
|
1c
|
|
|
Thalasseus sandvicensis sandvicensis (Sandwich Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Western Europe/West Africa
|
|
|
1
|
– Black Sea & Mediterranean (bre)
|
|
2a
|
|
– West & Central Asia/South-west & South Asia
|
|
2c
|
|
Thalasseus maximus albidorsalis (Royal Tern)
|
|
|
|
– West Africa (bre)
|
|
2a 2e
|
|
Thalasseus bergii bergii (Greater Crested Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Southern Africa (Angola – Mozambique)
|
2
|
|
|
– Madagascar & Mozambique/Southern Africa
|
1c
|
|
|
Thalasseus bergii velox (Greater Crested Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Red Sea & North-east Africa
|
2
|
|
|
Thalasseus bergii thalassinus (Greater Crested Tern)
|
|
|
|
– Eastern Africa & Seychelles
|
1c
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family STERCORARIIDAE (skuas)
|
|
|
|
Stercorarius longicaudus
longicaudus (Long-tailed Jaeger)
|
|
|
|
– N Europe & W Siberia/S Atlantic
|
|
|
1
|
Catharacta skua (Great Skua)
|
|
|
|
– N Europe/N Atlantic
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family ALCIDAE (auks)
|
|
|
|
Fratercula arctica (Atlantic Puffin)
|
|
|
|
– East Atlantic (bre)
|
1b
|
|
|
Cepphus grylle
grylle (Black Guillemot)
|
|
|
|
– Baltic Sea
|
|
1
|
|
Cepphus grylle
mandtii (Black Guillemot)
|
|
|
|
– E Canadian Arctic & W Greenland (bre)
|
|
|
1
|
– E Greenland to E Laptev Sea (bre)
|
|
|
(1)
|
Cepphus grylle arcticus (Black Guillemot)
|
|
|
|
– NE America & S Greenland (bre)
|
|
|
(1)
|
– British Isles & N Europe
|
|
|
1
|
Cepphus grylle islandicus (Black Guillemot)
|
|
|
|
– Iceland
|
3c
|
|
|
Cepphus grylle faeroeensis (Black Guillemot)
|
|
|
|
– Faeroes
|
|
(1)
|
|
Alca torda
torda (Razorbill)
|
|
|
|
– W Atlantic
|
|
|
1
|
– E Atlantic
|
|
|
1
|
Alca torda
islandica (Razorbill)
|
|
|
|
– Iceland, Faeroes, Britain, Ireland, Helgoland, NW France
|
|
|
(1)
|
Alle alle
alle (Little Auk)
|
|
|
|
– W Atlantic (bre)
|
|
|
(1)
|
– E Atlantic (bre)
|
|
|
(1)
|
Alle alle polaris (Little Auk)
|
|
|
|
– Franz Josef Land & Severnaya Zemlya (bre)
|
|
|
(1)
|
Uria lomvia
lomvia (Thick-billed Murre)
|
|
|
|
– W Atlantic (bre)
|
|
2c
|
|
– E Atlantic (bre)
|
|
2c
|
|
Uria aalge aalge (Common Murre)
|
|
|
|
– E Atlantic (bre)
|
|
|
1
|
– Baltic (bre)
|
|
1
|
|
Uria aalge albionis (Common Murre)
|
|
|
|
– Ireland, S Britain, France, Iberia, Helgoland
|
|
|
1
|
Uria aalge hyperborea (Common Murre)
|
|
|
|
– Svalbard, N Norway to Novaya Zemlya
|
|
2c
|
|