The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Government of Japan,
Desiring to conclude an agreement for the purpose of establishing and operating air
services between and beyond their respective territories,
Have accordingly appointed their respective representatives for this purpose, who
have agreed as follows:
For the purpose of the present Agreement, the provisions of the Convention on International
Civil Aviation signed at Chicago on December 7, 1944 (hereinafter called „Convention”),
which are applicable to the air services established and operated hereunder, shall,
in their present terms or as amended in respect of both Contracting Parties in accordance
with relevant provisions of the Convention, apply between the Contracting Parties
for the duration of the present Agreement.
Each Contracting Party grants to the other Contracting Party the rights specified
in the present Agreement to enable its designated airlines to establish and operate
international air services on the routes specified in the appropriate Section of the
Schedule (hereinafter called „agreed services” and „specified routes” respectively).
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(1) Subject to the provisions of the present Agreement, the designated airlines of each
Contracting Party shall enjoy, while operating an agreed service on a specified route,
the following privileges:
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(a) to fly without landing across the territory of the other Contracting Party;
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(b) to make stops in the said territory for non-traffic purposes; and
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(c) to make stops in the said territory at the points specified for that route in the
Schedule for the purposes of putting down and of taking on international traffic in
passengers, cargo and mail.
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(2) Nothing in paragraph (1) of this Article shall be deemed to confer on the airlines
of one Contracting Party the privilege of taking up, in the territory of the other
Contracting Party, passengers, cargo or mail carried for remuneration or hire and
destined for another point in the territory of that other Contracting Party.
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(1) The charges which either of the Contracting Parties may impose, or permit to be imposed,
on the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party for the use of airports
and other facilities under its control shall be just and reasonable and not higher
than would be paid for the use of such airports and facilities by any national airline
of the first Contracting Party in providing similar international air services.
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(2) In respect of customs duties, inspection fees and similar national or local duties
or charges on fuel, lubricating oils, spare parts, regular aircraft equipment and
aircraft stores introduced into the territory of one Contracting Party or taken on
board aircraft in that territory, by or on behalf of the designated airline or airlines
of the other Contracting Party and intended solely for use by or in the aircraft of
those airlines, the designated airlines of the second Contracting Party shall, subject
to compliance with normal customs regulations, be accorded, in addition to the treatment
prescribed in Article 24 of the Convention, treatment not less favourable than that
granted by the first Contracting Party to the airlines of the most favoured nation
or to its national airlines engaged in international air services. Neither Contracting
Party shall, however, be obliged to grant to the designated airlines of the other
Contracting Party exemption or remission of customs duties, inspection fees or similar
national or local duties or charges, unless such other Contracting Party grants exemption
or remission of the duties or charges in question to the designated airlines of the
first Contracting Party.
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(1) Each Contracting Party reserves the right to withhold or revoke the privileges specified
in paragraph (1) of Article 5 of the present Agreement in respect of an airline designated
by the other Contracting Party, or to impose such conditions as it may deem necessary
on the exercise by the airline of those privileges, in any case where it is not satisfied
that substantial ownership and effective control of such airline are vested in the
Contracting Party designating the airline or in nationals of such Contracting Party.
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(2) Each Contracting Party reserves the right to suspend the exercise by a designated
airline of the other Contracting Party of the privileges referred to in paragraph
(1) above, or to impose such conditions as it may deem necessary on the exercise by
the airline of those privileges, in any case where such airline fails to comply with
such laws and regulations of the Contracting Party granting those privileges as referred
to in Articles 11 and 13 of the Convention or otherwise fails to operate in accordance
with the conditions prescribed in the present Agreement; provided that, unless immediate
suspension or imposition of conditions is essential to prevent further infringements
of such laws and regulations, this right shall be exercised only after consultation
with the other Contracting Party.
There shall be fair and equal opportunity for the airlines of both Contracting Parties
to establish and operate the agreed services between and beyond their respective territories.
In the operation by the designated airlines of either Contracting Party of the agreed
services, the interests of the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party
shall be taken into consideration so as not to affect unduly the services which the
latter provides on all or part of the same routes.
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(2) The agreed services provided by a designated airline shall retain as their primary
objective the provision at a reasonable load factor of capacity adequate to current
and reasonably anticipated requirements for the carriage of passengers, cargo and
mail originating from or destined for the territory of the Contracting Party which
has designated the airline. Provision for the carriage of passengers, cargo and mail
both taken up and put down at points on the specified routes in the territories of
States other than that designating the airline shall be made in accordance with the
general principles that capacity shall be related to:
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(a) traffic requirements to and from the territory of the Contracting Party which has
designated the airline;
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(b) the requirements of through airline operation; and
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(c) traffic requirements of the area through which the airline passes, after taking account
of local and regional services.
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(1) The tariffs on any agreed service shall be established at reasonable levels, due regard
being paid to all relevant factors including cost of operation, reasonable profit,
characteristics of service and the tariffs of other airlines for any part of the specified
route. These tariffs shall be fixed in accordance with the following provisions of
this Article.
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(2) Agreement on the tariffs shall, wherever possible, be reached by the designated airlines
concerned through the rate-fixing machinery of the International Air Transport Association.
When this is not possible, tariffs in respect of each of the specified routes shall
be agreed between the designated airlines concerned. In any case the tariffs shall
be subject to the approval of the aeronautical authorities of both Contracting Parties.
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(3) If the designated airlines concerned cannot agree on the tariffs, or if the aeronautical
authorities of either Contracting Party do not approve the tariffs submitted to them,
in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (2) of this Article, the aeronautical
authorities of the Contracting Parties shall endeavour to reach agreement on the appropriate
tariffs.
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(5) No new tariff shall come into effect if the aeronautical authorities of either Contracting
Party are dissatisfied with it except under the terms of paragraph (3) of Article
14 of the present Agreement. Pending determination of the tariffs in accordance with
the provisions of this Article, the tariffs already in force shall prevail.
The aeronautical authorities of either Contracting Party shall supply to the aeronautical
authorities of the other Contracting Party at the latter's request such periodic or
other statements of statistics as may be reasonably required for the purpose of surveying
the capacity provided on the agreed services by the designated airlines of the first
Contracting Party. Such statements shall include all information required to determine
the amount of traffic carried by those airlines on the agreed services.
There shall be regular and frequent consultation between the aeronautical authorities
of the Contracting Parties to ensure close collaboration in all matters affecting
the fulfilment of the present Agreement.
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(2) If the Contracting Parties fail to reach a settlement by negotiation, the dispute
may at the request of either Contracting Party be submitted for decision to a tribunal
of three arbitrators, one to be named by each Contracting Party and the third to be
agreed upon by the two arbitrators so chosen, provided that such third arbitrator
shall not be a national of either Contracting Party. Each of the Contracting Parties
shall designate an arbitrator within a period of sixty days from the date of receipt
by either Contracting Party from the other Contracting Party of a diplomatic note
requesting arbitration of the dispute and the third arbitrator shall be agreed upon
within a further period of sixty days. If either of the Contracting Parties fails
to designate its own arbitrator within the period of sixty days or if the third arbitrator
is not agreed upon within the period indicated, the President of the International
Court of Justice may be requested by either Contracting Party to appoint an arbitrator
or arbitrators.
Either Contracting Party may at any time request consultation with the other Contracting
Party for the purpose of amending the present Agreement, such consultation to begin
within a period of sixty days from the date of request. If the amendment relates only
to the Schedule, the consultation shall be between the aeronautical authorities of
both Contracting Parties. When these authorities agree on a new or revised Schedule,
their recommendations on the matter will come into effect after they have been confirmed
by an exchange of diplomatic notes.
If a general multilateral convention concerning air transport comes into force in
respect of both Contracting Parties, the present Agreement shall be amended so as
to conform with the provisions of such convention.
Either of the Contracting Parties may at any time notify the other of its intention
to terminate the present Agreement. A copy of the notice shall be sent simultaneously
to the International Civil Aviation Organization formed by the Convention. If such
notice is given, the present Agreement shall terminate one year after the date of
receipt by the other Contracting Party of the notice to terminate, unless by agreement
between the Contracting Parties the notice under reference is withdrawn before the
expiration of that period. If the other Contracting Party fails to acknowledge receipt,
notice shall be deemed to have been received fourteen days after receipt by the International
Civil Aviation Organization of its copy.
The present Agreement and the diplomatic notes exchanged in accordance with Article
15 shall be registered with the International Civil Aviation Organization.
The present Agreement will be approved by each Contracting Party in accordance with
its legal procedures and the Agreement shall enter into force upon an exchange of
diplomatic notes indicating such approval.
