The use of any drug should be limited to medically justified indications
SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION)
PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
S1. Anabolic agents
Anabolic agents are prohibited.
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1. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS)
Where an anabolic androgenic steroid is capable of being produced endogenously, a
Sample will be deemed to contain such Prohibited Substance where the concentration of such Prohibited Substance or its metabolites or markers and/or any other relevant ratio(s) in the Athlete’s Sample so deviates from the range of values normally found in humans that it is unlikely
to be consistent with normal endogenous production. A Sample shall not be deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance in any such case where an Athlete proves that the concentration of the Prohibited Substance or its metabolites or markers and/or the relevant ratio(s) in the Athlete’s Sample is attributable to a physiological or pathological condition.
In all cases, and at any concentration, the Athlete’s sample will be deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance and the laboratory will report an Adverse Analytical Finding if, based on any reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS), the laboratory can show
that the Prohibited Substance is of exogenous origin. In such case, no further investigation is necessary.
If a value in the range of levels normally found in humans is reported and the reliable
analytical method (e.g. IRMS) has not determined the exogenous origin of the substance,
but if there are serious indications, such as a comparison to reference steroid profiles,
of a possible Use of a Prohibited Substance, further investigation shall be conducted by the relevant Anti-Doping Organization by reviewing the results of any previous test(s) or by conducting subsequent test(s),
in order to determine whether the result is due to a physiological or pathological
condition, or has occurred as a consequence of the exogenous origin of a Prohibited Substance.
When a laboratory has reported a T/E ratio greater than four (4) to one (1) and any
reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) applied has not determined the exogenous origin
of the substance, further investigation may be conducted by a review of previous tests
or by conducting subsequent test(s), in order to determine whether the result is due
to a physiological or pathological condition, or has occurred as a consequence of
the exogenous origin of a Prohibited Substance. If a laboratory reports, using an additional reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS),
that the Prohibited Substance is of exogenous origin, no further investigation is necessary and the Sample will be deemed to contain such Prohibited Substance.
When an additional reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) has not been applied and
a minimum of three previous test results are not available, the relevant Anti-Doping Organization shall test the Athlete with no advance notice at least three times within a three-month period. If the longitudinal
profile of the Athlete that is subject to the subsequent tests is not physiologically normal, the result
shall be reported as an Adverse Analytical Finding.
In extremely rare individual cases, boldenone of endogenous origin can be consistently
found at very low nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) levels in urine. When such a very
low concentration of boldenone is reported by a laboratory and any reliable analytical
method (e.g. IRMS) applied has not determined the exogenous origin of the substance,
further investigation may be conducted by a review of previous tests or by conducting
subsequent test(s). When an additional reliable analytical method (e.g. IRMS) has
not been applied, a minimum of three no advance notice tests in a period of three
months shall be conducted by the relevant Anti-Doping Organization. If the longitudinal profile of the Athlete who is subject to the subsequent tests is not physiologically normal, the result
shall be reported as an Adverse Analytical Finding.
For 19-norandrosterone, an Adverse Analytical Finding reported by a laboratory is considered to be scientific and valid proof of exogenous
origin of the Prohibited Substance. In such case, no further investigation is necessary.
Should an Athlete fail to cooperate in the investigations, the Athlete’s Sample shall be deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance.
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2. Other Anabolic Agents, including but not limited to:
S2. Hormones and related substances
The following substances, including other substances with a similar chemical structure
or similar biological effect(s), and their releasing factors, are prohibited:
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1. Erythropoietin (EPO);
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2. Growth Hormone (hGH), Insulin-like Growth Factor (e.g. IGF-1), Mechano Growth Factors
(MGFs);
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3. Gonadotrophins (LH, hCG), prohibited in males only;
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4. Insulin;
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5. Corticotrophins.
Unless the Athlete can demonstrate that the concentration was due to a physiological or pathological
condition, a Sample will be deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance (as listed above) where the concentration of the Prohibited Substance or its metabolites and/or relevant ratios or markers in the Athlete’s Sample so exceeds the range of values normally found in humans that it is unlikely to be
consistent with normal endogenous production.
If a laboratory reports, using a reliable analytical method, that the Prohibited Substance is of exogenous origin, the Sample will be deemed to contain a Prohibited Substance and shall be reported as an Adverse Analytical Finding.
The presence of other substances with a similar chemical structure or similar biological
effect(s), diagnostic marker(s) or releasing factors of a hormone listed above or
of any other finding which indicate(s) that the substance detected is of exogenous
origin, will be deemed to reflect the use of a Prohibited Substance and shall be reported as an Adverse Analytical Finding.
S3. Beta-2 agonists
All beta-2 agonists including their D- and L-isomers are prohibited.
As an exception, formoterol, salbutamol, salmeterol and terbutaline, when administered
by inhalation, require an abbreviated Therapeutic Use Exemption.
Despite the granting any form of Therapeutic Use Exemption, a concentration of salbutamol
(free plus glucuronide) greater than 1000 ng/ mL will be considered an Adverse Analytical Finding unless the athlete proves that the abnormal result was the consequence of the therapeutic
use of inhaled salbutamol.
S4. Agents with anti-estrogenic activity
The following classes of anti-estrogenic substances are prohibited:
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1. Aromatase inhibitors including, but not limited to, anastrozole, letrozole, aminoglutethimide,
exemestane, formestane, testolactone.
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2. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) including, but not limited to, raloxifene,
tamoxifen, toremifene.
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3. Other anti-estrogenic substances including, but not limited to, clomiphene, cyclofenil,
fulvestrant.
S5. Diuretics and other masking agents
Masking agents include but are not limited to:
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Diuretics, epitestosterone, probenecid, alpha-reductase inhibitors (e.g. finasteride, dutasteride),
plasma expanders (e.g. albumin, dextran, hydroxyethyl starch).
Diuretics include:
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acetazolamide, amiloride, bumetanide, canrenone, chlortalidone, etacrynic acid, furosemide,
indapamide, metolazone, spironolactone, thiazides (e.g. bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide,
hydrochlorothiazide), triamterene, and other substances with a similar chemical structure
or similar biological effect(s) (except for drosperinone, which is not prohibited).
PROHIBITED METHODS
M1. Enhancement of oxygen transfer
The following are prohibited:
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a) Blood doping, including the use of autologous, homologous or heterologous blood or
red blood cell products of any origin.
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b) Artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen, including but
not limited to perfluorochemicals, efaproxiral (RSR13) and modified haemoglobin products
(e.g. haemoglobin-based blood substitutes, microencapsulated haemoglobin products).
M2. Chemical and physical manipulation
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a)
Tampering, or attempting to tamper, in order to alter the integrity and validity of Samples collected in Doping Controls is prohibited. These include but are not limited to catheterisation, urine substitution
and/or alteration.
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b) Intravenous infusions are prohibited, except as a legitimate acute medical treatment.
M3. Gene doping
The non-therapeutic use of cells, genes, genetic elements, or of the modulation of
gene expression, having the capacity to enhance athletic performance, is prohibited.
SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED IN-COMPETITION
In addition to the categories S1 to S5 and M1 to M3 defined above, the following categories
are prohibited in competition:
PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
S6. Stimulants
The following stimulants are prohibited, including both their optical (D- and L-)
isomers where relevant:
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Adrafinil, adrenaline, amfepramone, amiphenazole, amphetamine, amphetaminil, benzphetamine, bromantan,
carphedon, cathine, clobenzorex, cocaine, cropropamide, crotetamide, cyclazodone, dimethylamphetamine,
ephedrine, etamivan, etilamphetamine, etilefrine, famprofazone, fenbutrazate, fencamfamin,
fencamine, fenetylline, fenfluramine, fenproporex, furfenorex, heptaminol, isometheptene,
levmethamfetamine, meclofenoxate, mefenorex, mephentermine, mesocarb, methamphetamine
(D-), methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, p-methylamphetamine,
methylephedrine, methylphenidate, modafinil, nikethamide, norfenefrine, norfenfluramine, octopamine,
ortetamine, oxilofrine, parahydroxyamphetamine, pemoline, pentetrazol, phendimetrazine,
phenmetrazine, phenpromethamine, phentermine, prolintane, propylhexedrine, selegiline,
sibutramine , strychnine and other substances with a similar chemical structure or
similar biological effect(s).
S7. Narcotics
The following narcotics are prohibited:
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buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), fentanyl and its derivatives,
hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, pentazocine, pethidine.
S8. Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids (e.g. hashish, marijuana) are prohibited.
S9. Glucocorticosteroids
All glucocorticosteroids are prohibited when administered orally, rectally, intravenously
or intramuscularly. Their use requires a Therapeutic Use Exemption approval.
Except as indicated below, other routes of administration require an abbreviated Therapeutic
Use Exemption.
Topical preparations when used for dermatological, aural/otic, nasal, buccal cavity
and ophtalmologic disorders are not prohibited and do not require any form of Therapeutic
Use Exemption.
SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED IN PARTICULAR SPORTS
P1. Alcohol
Alcohol (ethanol) is prohibited in-competition only, in the following sports. Detection will be conducted by analysis of breath
and/or blood. The doping violation threshold for each Federation is reported in parenthesis.
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Aeronautic (FAI)
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(0.20 g/L)
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Archery (FITA, IPC)
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(0.10 g/L)
|
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Automobile (FIA)
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(0.10 g/L)
|
•
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Billiards (WCBS)
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(0.20 g/L)
|
•
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Boules (CMSB, IPC bowls)
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(0.10 g/L)
|
•
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Karate (WKF)
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(0.10 g/L)
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•
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Modern Pentathlon (UIPM) for disciplines involving shooting
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(0.10 g/L)
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•
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Motorcycling (FIM)
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(0.10 g/L)
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•
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Powerboating (UIM)
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(0.30 g/L)
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P2. Beta-blockers
Unless otherwise specified, beta-blockers are prohibited in-competition only, in the following sports.
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Aeronautic (FAI)
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Archery (FITA, IPC) (also prohibited out-of-competition)
|
•
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Automobile (FIA)
|
•
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Billiards (WCBS)
|
•
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Bobsleigh (FIBT)
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•
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Boules (CMSB, IPC bowls)
|
•
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Bridge (FMB)
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•
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Chess (FIDE)
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Curling (WCF)
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•
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Gymnastics (FIG)
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•
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Motorcycling (FIM)
|
•
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Modern Pentathlon (UIPM) for disciplines involving shooting
|
•
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Nine-pin Bowling (FIQ)
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•
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Sailing (ISAF) for match race helms only
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•
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Shooting (ISSF, IPC) (also prohibited out-of-competition
|
•
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Skiing/Snowboarding (FIS) in ski jumping, freestyle aerials/halfpipe and snowboard
halfpipe/big air
|
•
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Wrestling (FILA)
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Beta-blockers include, but are not limited to, the following:
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acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, bunolol, carteolol, carvedilol,
celiprolol, esmolol, labetalol, levobunolol, metipranolol, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol,
pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, timolol.
SPECIFIED SUBSTANCES
“Specified Substances” are listed below:
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All inhaled Beta-2 Agonists, except clenbuterol;
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Probenecid;
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Cathine, cropropamide, crotetamide, ephedrine, etamivan, famprofazone, heptaminol,
isometheptene, levmethamfetamine, meclofenoxate, p-methylamphetamine, methylephedrine,
nikethamide, norfenefrine, octopamine, ortetamine, oxilofrine, phenpromethamine, propylhexedrine;
selegiline, sibutramine;
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Cannabinoids;
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All Glucocorticosteroids;
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Alcohol;
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All Beta Blockers.